摘要:

AbstractThe performance of schizophrenic inpatients (N= 14), depressed inpatients (N= 15), and normal hospital employees (N= 15), all females, was compared on Izard's (1971) test of emotion recognition. Subjects were required to match photographs of facial expressions of emotion with the correct label for the emotion. The average numbers of errors of four types were examined: Positive or neutral emotions mislabelled as other positive or neutral emotions; positive or neutral emotions mislabelled as negative; negative emotions mislabelled as positive or neutral; and negative emotions mislabelled as other negative emotions. The principal findings were (1) the schizophrenics were less accurate than normals, but they were not less accurate than the depressives, nor were they less accurate on negative than positive or neutral emotions; (2) the depressives did not display any form of negative bias in emotion recognition; and (3) both groups of inpatients were less accurate than normals when they labelled an emotion as positive or neutral, but not when they labelled it as negative. Implications of the results for the etiology and maintenance of schizophrenia and depression were noted.

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198605)42:3<411::AID-JCLP2270420302>3.0.CO;2-T

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study explored the ability of nonparanoid schizophrenic, paranoid schizophrenic, and mixed psychiatric control (manics and schizoaffectives) patients to perform on two types of conceptual, speeded inference (SI) tasks, which differ in type of abstraction process required. The subjects (N= 30) were grouped into high and low levels of thought dysfunction, as measured by the Whitaker Index of Schizophrenic Thinking (WIST). There were no differences among the three clinical groups on the conceptual, SI tasks. Reaction times differed reliably across the two SI tasks. High‐WIST subjects were impaired on SI accuracy. Significant impairment in accuracy was demonstrated by high‐WIST time and error groups on the more complex SI tasks. Information processing deficit was demonstrated in terms of encoding phase and reaction time in problem‐solving of the three diagnostic groups as a function of WIST l

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198605)42:3<417::AID-JCLP2270420303>3.0.CO;2-8

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo studies designed to examine the self‐report of depressive symptoms in low back pain patients are presented. Symptoms of depression were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory. In the first study, a sample (N= 134) of patients who presented for neurosurgical evaluation were evaluated. In the second study, a subgroup of patients found to have lumbar disc protrusion were compared to a subgroup with few or no positive physical findings at the time of physical examination. If the cut‐off scores recommended by Beck were used, patients in both studies would be classified as mildly depressed. Both studies found that patients were significantly more likely to report somatic than cognitive symptoms of depression. Patients with multiple physical findings or a disc abnormality at the time of operation were not found to be more likely to report somatic symptoms than patients with few physical findi

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198605)42:3<425::AID-JCLP2270420304>3.0.CO;2-A

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study investigated disturbances in body image perception with anorexic, obese and control groups (N= 24). Each group was comprised of 8 female subjects matched for age. An original silhouette chart and chi squares were employed, and a significant difference was found among the groups in the perception of the present‐self body image (χ2(8) = 24.19,p<.01), body image at plus 10 pounds (χ2(6) = 27.63,p<.01), and body image at minus 10 pounds (χ2(8) = 26.05,p<.01). No differences among the groups appeared in perceived ideal‐self body image or in their perception of the body image that was expected from their families. A directional trend was noted in anorexic overestimation and obese underestimation on the total concept of body image. Significant differences among the groups as judged via a semantic differential technique were found for personality descriptions of happy/sad, active/passive, popular/unpopular, effective/ineffective, competent/incompetent, smart/stupid, and col

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198605)42:3<431::AID-JCLP2270420305>3.0.CO;2-I

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThirty female anorectics (mean age 26.4) and 30 female college student controls (mean age 25.3) completed a multidimensional locus of control scale, the Structural Family Interaction Scale, The Eating Attitudes Test, and a global clinical assessment measure. Three variables associated with Minuchin, Rosman, and Baker's (1978) family systems theory (overprotection, enmeshment, and rigidity) and one related to Bruch's (1973) theoretical position on anorexia nervosa (locus of control) were contrasted in terms of their relative effectiveness in predicting both the presence or absence and severity of the disorder. The best predictor of both measures in a series of regression and discriminant function analyses was locus of control orientation. The anorectics were significantly more external than the controls. The two groups did not differ on any of the family variables central to Minuchin et al.'s theory. The results support Bruch's contention that underlying anorexia nervosa is a sense of personal ineffectiveness.

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198605)42:3<440::AID-JCLP2270420306>3.0.CO;2-H

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper discusses the methods used to settle the emotional debt of love and nurturance withheld by the parent and owed to the child. The child, as an adult in a therapy setting, is responsible for the resolution of the conflict created by the parent‐child relationship. The framework for each settlement of the debt is basically similar. Patient and therapist are allied together as trusting partners so that the patient can experience a close relationship with another person—something he or she may have missed with his or her own parents as a child. The patient then must divert his or her attention away from the unhappy past, thus forgetting it, and concentrate on the positive, fulfilling aspects of the pres

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198605)42:3<448::AID-JCLP2270420307>3.0.CO;2-R

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Nurses Evaluation Rating Scale (NERS) consists of 16 items designed to capture salient dimensions of psychopathology and nursing care requirements for psychiatric patients. Reliability and validity of the NERS were evaluated by using a total of 3,052 sets of ratings accomplished by 19 staff nurses on a total of 235 adult psychiatric inpatients. All items of the NERS were utilized in describing psychopathology in this sample of patients, although no patient was positive on all items. Factor analysis revealed four distinct clusters of items, which represented higher‐order constructs of thinking disturbance, depression, anxiety, and psychomotor retardation. Test‐retest reliability was found to be comparable to the reliability of most other clinical assessments of psychopathology. Scoring for the four factors was defined, and analysis of change during first 10 days of hospital stay revealed statistically significant improvement. The NERS appears to be a promising instrument for longitudinal, daily evaluations of inpatient psychopathology as seen in the routine clinical practice of psychiatric nur

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198605)42:3<454::AID-JCLP2270420308>3.0.CO;2-Z

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe study (N= 303) developed an abbreviated form of the Interpersonal Style Inventory that requires only 20 to 25 minutes to administer. By regression analysis it was shown that the first 150 items can provide reliable estimates of the 15 full‐scale scores, which are based on 300 item

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198605)42:3<466::AID-JCLP2270420309>3.0.CO;2-P

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo explore an interface of personality instruments divergent in focus and in method, all correlations between 18 measures from LaForge and Suczek's (1955) Interpersonal Check List (ICL) and 14 scores from Singer and Lommis' (1984) Inventory of Personality (SLIP), an ipsative Jungian‐oriented questionnaire, were determined for 117 undergraduates. Representing interpersonal behavior's primary affiliation dimension, ICL's LOV factor never linked significantly to SLIP scores. Representing dominance, the second principal interpersonal dimension, ICL's DOM factor correlated significantly with each of SLIP's four composite cognitive functions (Thinking, Feeling, Sensation, and Intuition) and also with seven of SLIP's eight blended cognitive modes (Extraverted Thinking, Introverted Thinking, Extraverted Feeling, etc.), although, surprisingly, not with total Extraversion or total Introversion. Consistently appreciable, but inverse linkages of the adjacent Rebellious and Distrustful ICL sectors to SLIP Thinking were another highlight. The many significant (66/252) ICL‐SLIP bonds suggest that SLIP's interpersonal implications merit further attent

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198605)42:3<469::AID-JCLP2270420310>3.0.CO;2-5

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was administered to 35 outpatients diagnosed according to the DSM‐III as primary generalized anxiety disorders and 101 outpatients diagnosed as primary major‐depression and dysthymic disorders. A backward stepwise‐discriminant analysis revealed that Sadness and Loss of Libido were the only two symptoms that meaningfully distinguished between the two groups. The depressed patients were sadder and complained of more loss of libido than did the anxious patients. It was concluded that the BDI is a powerful tool for differentiating the depressive from generalized anxiety diso

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198605)42:3<475::AID-JCLP2270420311>3.0.CO;2-D

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY