摘要:

AbstractThe unmistakable symptoms of Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome are classically of muscular spasms or tics, often accompanied by uncontrolled verbal outbursts or shouting of obscenities. Anecdotal as well as clinical reports suggest that these patients also suffer some psychological distress. This study used traditional MMPI scales to evaluate the psychopathological features that may underlie or accompany this disorder. In addition, we analyzed individual items of the MMPI to learn more of the phenomenology of this disorder. Data were collected from 29 Tourette patients and 29 normal controls matched for age and sex. A multivariate analysis of the clinical MMPI scales revealed group differences in score profiles. Univariate analyses indicated that Tourette subjects scored higher on the following scales: Schizophrenia, Depression, Psychopathic Deviate, Psychasthenia and Hypochondriasis. The results indicate that Tourette patients are in considerable psychological distress.

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198603)42:2<228::AID-JCLP2270420202>3.0.CO;2-L

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe relationship between age and treatment expectation (TE) has been virtually ignored. This study assessed the TE and posthospital adjustment of 5,347 psychiatric patients, 4,361 younger (55). Patients were evaluated on admission with self‐ and other rating adjustment scales and again at 3‐months postdischarge. One factor in the self‐rating scale included TE. Outcome measures involved posthospital adjustment (self‐ and other rated), both corrected and noncorrected for initial adjustment levels. Results show that TE rises with age. There is also some indication that higher TE leads to better adjustment. Older age and higher TE in combination, however, do not translate into better community adjustment. Also, differences between younger and older patients in TE are most pronounced in psychotics and in older patients not fully or currently e

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198603)42:2<236::AID-JCLP2270420203>3.0.CO;2-N

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study investigated whether the personality variables, as measured by the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF), differed significantly between families with an agoraphobic parent and families with nonagoraphobic parents. Participants were 15 agoraphobic female parents and 5 male agoraphobic parents, their spouses, and children. Two matched control groups of subjects (comparable to the female agoraphobic and male agoraphobic families) were used. Significant differences in personality variables were found between the families with agoraphobic parents and their matched controls. Significant personality differences among family members in the agoraphobic family were evident, and they also differed according to whether the agoraphobic parent was female or male.

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198603)42:2<244::AID-JCLP2270420204>3.0.CO;2-P

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe MMPI was used to study psychological disturbance in two different age groups of victims of father‐daughter incest. The profiles of a group of 27 adolescent victims and 31 adult victims were compared and analyzed. All subjects had a history of being molested when they were children by their fathers or stepfathers, and all were in psychotherapy at the time of testing. In order to establish clear age differentiation between the two groups, no adolescent was over the age of 19 and no subject in the adult group was under age 30 when they were tested. The results indicated that the overall profiles were more elevated for the adult victims than for the adolescent victims. Both groups were elevated (T>70) on Scale 8 (SC), and the adults also were elevated on Scale 4 (PD), while the adolescents were high (T = 69) on Scale 9 (MA). The results are discussed in terms of core personality disturbance shared by the two groups and the probable influence of time or age on how the psychopathology is expresse

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198603)42:2<251::AID-JCLP2270420205>3.0.CO;2-U

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) taste test was investigated for its potential as a genetically based biological marker for depression. One hundred and one male and female adults (including 6 patients hospitalized for depression), aged 18‐36, completed a multifactor depression questionnaire that included the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), a scale that measures severity of depression in mother and father, and a commercially prepared PTC (paper) taste test. As predicted, PTC tasters reported significantly higher levels of depression on the BDI than nontasters (p<.05); also, they scored higher on 5 of the 21 items (p<.05). Significantly more subjects who reported a mother debilitated by depression were PTC tasters (p<.05). Limitations and implications of these findings are discusse

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198603)42:2<260::AID-JCLP2270420206>3.0.CO;2-T

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study examined the role of activity level and cognition on mood by contrasting a monitor only (N= 22), increase pleasant events (N= 20), and increase pleasant events plus focusing on event pleasantness (N= 23) groups over a 2‐week period. The results show that subjects who were instructed to increase their number of pleasant events did so and obtained more pleasure as a result. The group which increased pleasant events and focused on event pleasantness also showed a significant decrease in level of depression. The results are interpreted to support the role of monitoring and pleasant events on mood, but the potential necessity for cognitive change to create “antidepressant” ef

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198603)42:2<264::AID-JCLP2270420207>3.0.CO;2-E

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of this study was to predict leisure time exercise behavior among a group of 62 lower‐limb disabled adults. The theory of reasoned action proposed by Fishbein (Fishbein&Ajzen, 1975) provided a framework for the study. Variables measured included the Fishbein model variables, habit, education, disability type, fitness level, and a 7‐day follow‐up of exercise behavior. Some 35% of the variance in exercise behavior could be explained; intention was the strongest predictor (.31,p<.05). In comparison, the ability to predict intentions to exercise by using the other variables was quite poor, with only 7% of the variance explained by habit. None of the Fishbein model variables contributed to this prediction. These results indicated the importance of specific factors, such as the strength of the exercise habit and the cause of disability, on exercise beh

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198603)42:2<272::AID-JCLP2270420208>3.0.CO;2-G

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPast research that has examined preferences for different psychotherapy orientations has yielded inconsistent results. This study investigated whether the discrepant results are artifacts of the methods chosen. Stimulus context (therapy session vs. therapy description) and stimulus medium (audiovisual vs. written) were investigated in comparing preferences for the behavioral and person‐centered orientations. Over 300 undergraduates rated their preference for both psychotherapy orientations on a 4‐item questionnaire. The behavioral orientation received a significantly higher preference score when both orientations were presented audiovisually as a therapy session. Conversely, the person‐centered orientation received a higher preference score when both orientations were presented as a written description. Given the current methodology, rated preference for type of therapy may be determined more by how specifically the therapies are presented than by the actual saliency that a particular orientation holds for an indiv

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198603)42:2<280::AID-JCLP2270420209>3.0.CO;2-I

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFour GPs each selected 6 patients, 2 terminally ill with knowledge of diagnosis and prognosis, 2 terminally ill without knowledge, and 2 chronically ill. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with the patients, and the transcripts' content was analyzed. There were large group differences in the predicted direction in frequency of utterances that indicated knowledge, which both validated the content analysis and verified the GPs' capacity to categorize patients according to knowledge. Terminally ill patients with knowledge produced significantly longer transcripts than the other two groups. Groups did not differ significantly on state or trait anxiety scales. Differences due to demographic variables could not account for the main effects. There were significant associations that involved age, anxiety, and the dependent variables of the content analysis, especially among the terminally ill patients without knowledg

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198603)42:2<287::AID-JCLP2270420210>3.0.CO;2-N

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper contends that blindness is not a single clinical determinant, but, rather, that there are two groups of blind people for whom the treatment considerations are quite different. For those congenitally blind, lack of vision can cause developmental difficulties, e.g., impairments in human attachment, object permanence, and self‐representation. For those who later acquire blindness, the premorbid psychodynamics and object relationships are most important in understanding the person's reactions to his/her disability. Two adult cases are presented to illustrate these phenomena in the context of psychotherap

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198603)42:2<297::AID-JCLP2270420211>3.0.CO;2-J

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY