摘要:

AbstractThis study examined the relationship between thought disorder and verbal recall in schizophrenic, manic, and schizoaffective inpatients. Based on previous research, it was predicted that subjects who demonstrated only positive thought‐disorder would differ from those with positive and negative thought‐disorder in terms of their ability to encode short descriptive passages. Unlike controls, who were able to encode organized material better than unorganized material, neither thought‐disorder group improved its encoding when the material to be remembered was more organized. Both thought‐disorder groups remembered more when the material was less organized. These findings raise a number of issues with regard to the interrelationship among thought disorders, psychiatric diagnoses, and information‐processing

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(199111)47:6<735::AID-JCLP2270470602>3.0.CO;2-Z

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study asked whether there is a relationship between heterosexually relevant dimensions and perception of female attractiveness and femininity. Two hundred and forty‐nine undergraduate males rated 22 photographs of young women on these two dimensions. Seventy‐nine of these subjects also took the Macho Scale, the Survey of Heterosexual Interactions, and the Bem Sex Role Inventory. Results showed that high Macho subjects viewed most of the photographed women as less attractive than low Macho subjects did. Masculinity/femininity and heterosexual anxiety showed less of a relationship. As predicted, moderately attractive women were described most differently by the high Macho/low Macho rat

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(199111)47:6<745::AID-JCLP2270470603>3.0.CO;2-V

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Adolescent Reinforcement Survey Schedule (ARSS) was administered to a sample of male and female late adolescent college students from Japan (N= 500). The responses to the ARSS are factor analyzed using a principal component method. The results of the factor‐analyzed ARSS from the Japanese sample are compared and contrasted with the results from a previous study (Holmes et al., 1987) in which ARSS was administered to a sample of American male and female college students (N= 231). Both the American and Japanese samples produced 10 interpretable factors. A recommendation is made to replicate the present study with groups of early and mid‐adolescents in each culture in order to study shifts in reinforcers during different periods of adolescent developm

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(199111)47:6<749::AID-JCLP2270470604>3.0.CO;2-G

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study examined the psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS; Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet,&Farley, 1988) with a diverse group of 154 students at an urban college. The following areas were investigated: internal reliability, factorial validity, social desirability bias, and the moderating effect of social support between stressful life events and depression (i.e., the buffering hypothesis). The MSPSS had good internal reliability, and the factor analysis confirmed the subscale structure of the measure: family, friends, and significant other. There was no indication that social desirability bias influenced subjects' responses. Finally, social support was related to depression only for those subjects who were experiencing high levels of life stress, which lends support for the buffering hypothesis.

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(199111)47:6<756::AID-JCLP2270470605>3.0.CO;2-L

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of the study was to understand the intention to exercise of individuals who suffer from CHD. A group of 161 cardiac patients completed a questionnaire that investigated intentions, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived barriers, habits, perceived difficulties, and personal normative beliefs with respect to exercising, as well as perceived severity of and perceived vulnerability to re‐infarction. Regression of intention yielded anR2of .41 (p<.0001), with perceived barriers, habits, and perceived difficulties as the significant predictors. MANOVA indicated that high and low intenders differed (p<.01) according to their perception of three barriers: difficulties in time management, difficulties in psychological adaptation, and laziness. These results suggest that new guidelines should be adopted for the development of cardiac rehabilitation exercise program

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(199111)47:6<762::AID-JCLP2270470606>3.0.CO;2-T

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMemory complaints are some of the most common cognitive problems presented to clinical psychologists and neuropsychologists. However, the probable validity of memory complaints presented to a psychologist rarely has been validated by objective memory tests. Using the Memory Functioning Questionnaire (MFQ; Gilewski et al., 1983), 62 relatively young adults reported the extent to which they were experiencing various types of memory problems. These data were compared with findings of memory and non‐memory tests on an expanded Halstead‐Reitan test battery and with the MMPI/MMPI‐2. Results showed that with the exception of persons with more than one MMPI/MMPI‐2 evaluation, memory complaints werenotrelated more to memory than to non‐mem

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(199111)47:6<772::AID-JCLP2270470607>3.0.CO;2-P

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThirty‐seven mothers of sexually abused children were contrasted with 41 mothers who were receiving outpatient psychotherapy and with 76 women with no history of psychiatric disturbance on the MMPI. The groups were matched on age and socioeconomic status, and significant between‐group differences were noted. Outpatients and mothers of sexually abused children were significantly more elevated than the normal comparison group on the majority of the scales. Mothers of sexaully abused children differed from psychiatric outpatient mothers on several scales. The 4‐3 and spike 4 MMPI code‐types were significantly more common in mothers of sexually abused children than in outpatient mothers. Differences in the child's sexual abuse characteristics were related to MMPI scales of the

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(199111)47:6<778::AID-JCLP2270470608>3.0.CO;2-4

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study intended to differentiate among borderline personality disorder (BPD), schizophrenic, and depressed patients on the basis of their MMPI profiles. MMPI profiles of 237 psychiatric inpatients were selected on the basis of their primary DSM‐III admission diagnoses. Analysis of MMPI mean scores and discriminant function analysis supports previous literature in describing borderline patients as having a broad spectrum of psychopathology typified by an attitude of alienation and rebelliousness, atypical thought content and/or process, and eccentric behavior. Schizophrenic patients are differentiated from BPD patients by the presence of thought disorder and psychotic‐like manifestations. The depressed patients did not show the aforementioned extreme characteristics of the other two gro

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(199111)47:6<783::AID-JCLP2270470609>3.0.CO;2-F

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOur study explored the magnitude of practice effect in repeated administration of NP measures that tap different cognitive domains in normal elderly subjects (N= 122) between ages 57 and 85, who were evaluated over three annual testing probes. Results revealed that WAIS‐R PIQ, serial recall of words, WMS visual memory, and memory for logical passages (immediate and delayed) are likely to improve on the retest due to practice effect in individuals below age 75, whereas test‐retest changes in older people show a different pattern. Implications of age‐specific changes on retest for differential diagnosis of dementia in clinical practice were consi

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(199111)47:6<790::AID-JCLP2270470610>3.0.CO;2-C

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGender comparisons on the WAIS‐R were made for 1,480 adults from the standardization sample, ages 20‐74 years, to determine whether men and women differ in their age‐related patterns of change on tests of fluid and crystallized abilities. Multivariate analyses of covariance and univariate analyses of covariance were conducted, covarying education, to examine the age + gender interactions. These interactions tended to be nonsignificant and trivial for the WAIS‐R Verbal and Performance scales and the 11 subtests, which suggests that both men and women maintain their crystallized abilities through old age, but show early, rapid declines in fluid ability. These results were interpreted in terms of the literature on aging and intelligence, gender differences in cognitive abilities, and gender differences in V‐P patterns for patients with unilateral bra

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(199111)47:6<801::AID-JCLP2270470611>3.0.CO;2-C

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY