摘要:

AbstractExplored the question of whether responses that appeared to be highly pathological on the basis of the word association test did indeed reflect an underlying aberrant associative process or whether the associations actually had a greater degree of meaning than was evident from the test (N= 60). Utilizing contextualist techniques designed by the authors, which were analogous to the word association test but yet measured schizophrenic associative thinking in specific contexts that more closely approximated natural language situations, the quality and purposiveness of the schizophrenics' associations were examined. The word association test technique was judged to be inadequate by itself to account for underlying associative processes involved in schizophrenic associative thought disorder. A majority of responses (70% schizophrenic, 81% nonschizophrenic) judged to be pathological on the basis of the word association test alone became meaningful in the context of a sentence created by theSs to explain purposively their associations. The schizophrenics' experience of a stimulus word and consequent associations to that word became clearer when placed within an appropriate context (i.e., a sentence), rather than examined as isolated semantic features (as in the word association test).

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198210)38:4<684::AID-JCLP2270380402>3.0.CO;2-A

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDabrowski's (1972) theory of positive disintegration argues that anxiety appears to be the dynamic of self‐actualization. A study to assess this hypothesis (Wilkins, Hjelle,&Thompson, 1977) reported that self‐actualization was incompatible with chronic, debilitating or neurotic anxiety. The current study further examined the empirical and conceptual relation between anxiety and self‐actualization. A measure of self‐actualization (the POI) and two measures of anxiety were taken fromSs (N= 126). Thirty‐three items from the POI were found to be measures of anxiety and were scored negatively for self‐actualization. Removal of anxiety items and rescoring of the POI yielded self‐actualization measures that were related positively to anxiety test scores. The results indicate that the POI theoretically is biased against anxiety, the conclusion of Wilkins et al. is not necessary, and Dabrowski's theory r

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198210)38:4<696::AID-JCLP2270380403>3.0.CO;2-0

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPredicting change in coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors (cigarette smoking, hypertension, and cholesterol) was undertaken in participants randomized to the treatment group of the Harvard Center of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. The predictor variables of interest were psychosocial characteristics, responses to the initial group sessions intervention strategy, and change in weight. The Harvard sample consists of 652 men identified at high risk of death from CHD. Fifty percent were randomized into an intervention group, and 50% were referred to their usual source of medical care. For the analyses, men were stratified by their baseline smoking status and whether they were taking medication for hypertension. The analyses revealed that there was no single model that explained changes in all three risk factors. For example, cigarette smokers were significantly more likely to stop smoking if they attended the group sessions (p≤ 0.001). An internal locus of control predicted a lower blood pressure by the end of the first year independent of medication (p≤ 0.05). If a participant entered the trial with serum cholesterol as the only risk factor of concern, attending the group sessions was associated with a significant decrease by the end of the first year (p≤

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198210)38:4<703::AID-JCLP2270380404>3.0.CO;2-C

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEvaluated effects of reinforcement, proximity, and orientation on verbal behavior of female schizophrenics. Sixty‐four inpatient state hospital volunteers (36 schizophrenics and 33 hospitalized controls) either were reinforced verbally or nonreinforced for construction of appropriate sentences. Also, participants were exposed to near or far proximity as well as direct or indirect orientation. Results indicated that schizophrenics performed best in the indirect orientation condition. While no differential group effects were seen across diagnosis, participants on the average responded more effectively when reinforced. These findings are contradictory to those reported in earlier studies of verbal conditioning in schizophrenics. Discussed were the detrimental effects of attentional demands on verbal conditioning in schizophrenics and the effectiveness of verbal reinforcement across hospitalized patient

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198210)38:4<718::AID-JCLP2270380405>3.0.CO;2-U

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOne hundred sixty‐four black and white patients, evenly divided by race, were seen in individual psychotherapy for a mean of more than 31 treatment hours. Half the patients in each group were in racially similar therapist‐patient matches and half in racially dissimilar pairings. Assessments of treatment outcomes and personality descriptions of patients were obtained from therapists after termination. White therapists generally rated their clients, and especially their black clients, as psychologically more impaired than did black therapists. Adjective descriptions revealed important differences in the perception of black and white clients by therapists of the two races. In the view of therapists, all patients improved as a result of treatment, and black and white patients, with few exceptions, appeared to benefit about equally. Contrary to expectation, there were no differences in psychotherapy outcome as a function of client‐therapist racial

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198210)38:4<722::AID-JCLP2270380406>3.0.CO;2-7

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExamined the role of possible antecedents of psychological symptoms among 310 recently separated men and women. Hierarchical set regression analysis indicated that socio‐demographic variables generally are unrelated to symptom expression, although age, gender, length of marriage, and length of separation did predict either agitated depressive or stress symptoms. Several dimensions of social stressors contributed to the prediction of one or more of six symptom factors, but symptoms also were associated with current psychological well‐being. These results suggest that the symptomatology of divorcing persons can be partitioned into that which is consequent to the disruptive conditions encountered in divorce and that which may reflect characteristic levels of mental hea

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198210)38:4<732::AID-JCLP2270380407>3.0.CO;2-3

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA factor analysis of a brief group psychology prediction scale administered to 200 adolescent delinquents revealed two factors: One described the “ingratiating” delinquent, a good therapy candidate, which accounted for 51% of the variance. The second factor, the first time offender, also a good therapy candidate, accounted for 8% of the varia

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198210)38:4<742::AID-JCLP2270380408>3.0.CO;2-#

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExamined the influence on therapists' expectancies of four variables: Client's gender, therapist's gender, therapist's professional affiliation, and therapist's level of training. A total of 893 counselors, clinical social workers, and clinical psychologists at three training levels (beginning master's student, ending master's student, post‐master's professional) completed the Therapist Expectancy Inventory in reference to a male or female client description. Data were analyzed using MANOVA and discriminant function analysis procedures. Significant differences on diagnostic, prognostic, or process dimensions of expectancies were found for the main effects of therapist gender, professional affiliation, and level of training. The client gender effect was not significant. It is concluded that therapists' judgments about the client and their role in counseling are more a function of certain therapist characteristics than client gende

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198210)38:4<744::AID-JCLP2270380409>3.0.CO;2-R

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRated 200 clients who were attending a community mental health center outpatient clinic immediately after the initial therapy session. Therapist ratings consisted of a 21‐item scale that included descriptions of client behavior during the session and estimates of client duration of stay. In a sample comprised of the first 100 clients, a variety of items from the scale and client demographic variables were related significantly to subsequent attendance. A multiple regression equation derived from these data generated statistically significant predictions with regard to stay in the second sample of 100 client

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198210)38:4<754::AID-JCLP2270380410>3.0.CO;2-F

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAdults who requested outpatient psychotherapy completed a pretreatment questionnaire after admission and a posttreatment questionnaire immediately after the first therapy session. Questionnaire items concerned the client's situation at the time of the request for treatment (e.g., distance travelled to the clinic), past behavior in fulfilling commitments, self‐prediction of session attendance, and reaction to the initial interview. Five items were related significantly to continuation in two separateSsamples. A critical response scale comprised of 14 items and responses proved highly predictive of the number of treatment sessions attended in both initial (N= 78) and crossvalidational groups (N= 91

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198210)38:4<759::AID-JCLP2270380411>3.0.CO;2-Y

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY