摘要:

AbstractAlthough Rational‐Emotive Therapy (RET) would posit that greater levels of irrationality and negative emotionality will be found in distressed persons, this basic hypothesis has never been examined. In this study, 60 normal university students and 45 new client applicants for mental health services completed the Survey of Personal Beliefs to assess irrational ideation and the Beck Depression Inventory, the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory, the State‐Trait Anger Inventory, the Problematic Situations Questionnaire, and the Profile of Mood States to assess negative emotionality. As predicted, the clinical group was found to be more anxious (p<.01), more depressed (p<.01), more confused (p<.01), less vigorous (p<.05), and to report lower frustration tolerance (p<.05) as compared to the normal group. Overall, clinical subjects did not show higher levels of irrational thinking. However, clinical subjects with high depression scores had significantly higher overall irrational ideation in contrast to those in the normal group with low depression scores (p<.05). Finally, significant correlations were found between overall irrational ideation and Trait Anger (p<.01) and between overall irrational ideation and Total Guilt (p<.05). Because the clinical group was significantly older by 10 years, replication with a larger number of subjects of equal ages is recomm

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198903)45:2<188::AID-JCLP2270450202>3.0.CO;2-Y

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study examined the substantive features of children's social desirability (SD) tendencies that could influence the nature and severity of psychopathology. Examinations of substantive features of SD responding in an inpatient child psychiatry unit (N= 76) suggested that higher scores on the Children's Social Desirability questionnaire were associated strongly with (1) lower mental age; (2) higher scores on self‐reported social competence; (3) lower scores on self‐reported anger; and (4) lower scores on parent‐reported externalization behavioral disturbance. Results were interpreted as suggesting that SD responding for child inpatients may reflect a mixed picture of negative features of cognitive and social immaturity that could affect adversely their ability to judge their own and others' social behavior and of positive features of less external behavioral disturbance and more prosocial attitudes and beha

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198903)45:2<194::AID-JCLP2270450204>3.0.CO;2-2

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRelationships between life events stress variables and seven indices of psychopathology severity for a group of 97 never‐hospitalized outpatients were compared with those of a previously studied group of 217 first‐admission functional disorder psychiatric inpatients from the same geographical catchment areas. The hypotheses tested were that degree of life events stress would be correlated positively with indices of psychopatholoigcal severity and that the magnitudes of association would be higher for the outpatients. Bivariate correlations and stepwise multiple regression with other potential demographic and prognostic moderator variables provided evidence for significant, but somewhat differing, patterns in outpatient vs. inpatient stress/pathology relationships. Contrary to prediction, the magnitudes of significant and near‐significant associations between life events and pathology severity were not different in the two sa

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198903)45:2<202::AID-JCLP2270450205>3.0.CO;2-B

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe relationship between personality traits of parents of gifted children and their families to perceived personality development and adjustment was reviewed. Little research has been conducted on personality traits of the parents of the gifted and how these may relate to the personality development of the children themselves. An issue still left unanswered in the recent research is the origin of the unique personality characteristics of gifted children. Are these children learning these characteristics from the parents' approach to child rearing, or are they genetically endowed? More research is necessary to draw definite conclusions.

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198903)45:2<210::AID-JCLP2270450206>3.0.CO;2-D

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study examined the consistency of undergraduate males' (N= 75) social competency in homosocial and heterosocial situations. In addition, this study explored the relationship between specific behavioral components and judgments of homosocial and heterosocial competence. Undergraduate males engaged in two 3‐minute interactions, one with a male confederate (homosocial interaction) and the other with a female confederate (heterosocial interaction). Peer judges viewed these videotaped interactions and rated the subjects' social competence. In addition, five subject behaviors (gaze, smiles, nervous gestures, talk time, and expressive gestures) were coded from these interactions. Results indicate a moderately strong relationship between social competence in the two situations. Correlations between specific behaviors and competence ratings were moderate to high. Regardless of their skill level, subjects displayed similar amounts of behavior in each interaction. Implications and future research directions are discusse

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198903)45:2<214::AID-JCLP2270450207>3.0.CO;2-Z

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOne hundred and ten outpatients with either acute or chronic low‐back pain completed the McGill Pain Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Life Experiences Survey. Acutes and chronics did not differ on dimensions of pain, but significant correlations between pain dimensions and depression and state anxiety were found for chronics. Both groups showed elevated state anxiety; chronics also evidenced mild depression. Combined scores on depression, anxiety, and negative life change predicted sensory and affective pain for the pooled sample. These results confirm the role of psychological variables in the experience of clinical pain and underscore the highly affective nature of chronic p

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198903)45:2<223::AID-JCLP2270450208>3.0.CO;2-Y

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractChanges in mean elevation, dispersion, overall configuration, and code type of well‐defined MMPI profiles derived from diagnostic groups with known clinical correlates were examined after transformation using contemporary norms developed by Colligan, Osborne, Swenson, and Offord (1983). A total of 34 MMPI profiles from both Gilberstadt and Duker (1965) and Marks, Seeman, and Haller (1974) were analyzed using contemporary normalized T scores. Results yielded the expected reduction in mean elevation and dispersion about the mean upon transformation to contemporary norms. Linear and contemporary normalized T‐score profiles correlated highly with each other and manifested a similar pattern of correlation with Skinner and Jackson's (1978) three modal MMPI types, Similarity in the code types of 94% of the profiles was found. However, the substantial number of order changes in the scales that comprise the code type evident upon transformation highlights the caution and care necessary when one is interpreting MMPI profiles based on contemporary norms. Continued use of original norms together with contemporary norms appears indicated until the full implications of profile and code type differences upon transformation to contemporary norms are underst

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198903)45:2<229::AID-JCLP2270450209>3.0.CO;2-D

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe concepts nonresponsivity (stimulus avoidance) and content responsive faking (dissimulation) are reviewed and sharply distinguished for their implications for MMPI validity. Although conventional validity scales and indices may be sensitive to content responsive faking, these measures are poorly suited for assessing content nonresponsivity, which is better evaluated with reference to the consistency of item endorsements. A set of rationally derived decisions rules for evaluating content nonresponsivity is presented and investigated empirically. In three studies, each of which compares psychiatric patients with a different set of computer‐generated data, the performance of the decision rules and the consistency measures that comprise them was generally superior to traditional measures. The use of consistency‐based invalidity criteria is recommended for both clinical and research purpo

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198903)45:2<239::AID-JCLP2270450210>3.0.CO;2-1

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe F‐K index of the MMPI has been used as a marker of symptom overreporting. One population for which previous research has shown this pattern is Vietnam in‐country veterans with PTSD. This study assessed the F‐K index on 515 inpatients: 329 Vietnam in‐country and 186 Vietnamera patients. Normative data on psychiatric inpatients were presented. Also, a special MMPI subscale (MMPI‐PTSD), a measure to identify PTSD among these veterans, was used. Results showed that all Vietnam veterans, especially in‐country veterans, overreport symptoms to a high degree. The overall mean for in‐country vets was 7.3. Also, when the special MMPI‐PTSD subscale was used, a vast majority of in‐country veterans who were in the PTSD range had high F‐K index scores. Dissimulation as a symptom of

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198903)45:2<250::AID-JCLP2270450211>3.0.CO;2-N

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEating disorders, particularly weight control disorders, appear resistant to long‐term modification. While personal values have been shown to influence long‐term behavior, their influence on eating patterns has not been studied because of the lack of an instrument to measure those values that are specific to eating. The Eating Values Survey (EVS) was created to measure priorities given to 21 eating‐related values, such as sensory qualities of food, the experience of hunger, socializing with others, body appearance, nutritional contribution to health, etc. Responses of 109 male and 99 female university students to the EVS were found stable over a 2‐week period and revealed five factors, identified as Gusto, Easy Necessity, Orderliness, Gourmet, and Social Approval. EVS scores also correlated significantly with such selfreported eating disorder variables as being overweight and self‐induced vomiting. Sex differences in eating values appeared matters of emphasis rather than of di

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198903)45:2<255::AID-JCLP2270450212>3.0.CO;2-5

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY