摘要:

AbstractVerbal learning and memory, and recognition of famous faces, were assessed in 21 non‐demented inpatients with RDC endogenous depression. Severity of depression was related to attention span, and patient age was related to measures of learning and recall. However, even in this severely depressed sample, verbal learning/memory measures were not below normative values. Facial recognition was significantly impaired relative to test norms. The results suggest that mild impairment in the early stages of verbal information encoding, and more marked impairment in the recognition of famous faces, may be associated with depression. These impairments differ from the cognitive changes associated with agin

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198911)45:6<836::AID-JCLP2270450602>3.0.CO;2-#

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present studies concerned a perceptual mechanism that could partially explain the anorexic's severe eating restraint despite continuing hunger. If a woman values a thin body, unrealistic perception of food's fattening effects should increase the aversiveness of ingesting food and foster restraint eating. The first study considered the perceived thinness/fatness of women's bodies without and with food cues present. College women who (1) shared the stress‐generating personality characteristics of anorexics (AP); and (2) judged models as fatter after food cues were introduced (enhancers) reported more stress than AP non‐enhancers; no effect of enhancement upon stress was observed in controls. This moderator effect was replicated in a second study. Thus, women with the personality characteristics and high stress that put them at‐risk for anorexia also displayed the perceptual distortion involved in the proposed mechanism. Self‐ratings verified the same perceptual mechanism in the high‐stress AP woman's perception of her

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198911)45:6<843::AID-JCLP2270450603>3.0.CO;2-4

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPsychological differentiation, psychophysiological arousal, hearing capacity, and ability to lipread unrelated sentences presented in a silent technicolor film were investigated in 62 children (mean age 10 years, 4 months), classified into three hearing categories (normal, mild to moderate hearing loss, severe hearing loss) based on their average hearing threshold in the range of speech frequencies for their best ear. All subjects were administered the Rod and Frame Test, Craig Lipreading Inventory, and skin conductance measures under two conditions (pre‐task and task). The results showed that the ability to lipread sentences from a film was related significantly to psychological differentiation (cognitive style) and pre‐task conductance level, but was not related to hearing capacity or task conductance level. The best predictors of lipreading ability were successful performance on the Rod and Frame Test and high increases in skin conductance from pre‐task to task situ

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198911)45:6<851::AID-JCLP2270450604>3.0.CO;2-6

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAssessment data from 118 Vietnam‐era veterans seeking psychological services at two Los Angeles Veterans Administration Medical Centers were analyzed to examine the potential relationships between number of preadult and adult antisocial behaviors, as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐III; American Psychiatric Association, 1980) criteria for antisocial personality disorder, level of combat exposure, and development of combat‐related post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Results of hierarchical regression analyses indicated that combat exposure level was related significantly to PTSD symptomatology, whereas number of preadult antisocial behaviors was not. However, both combat exposure level and preadult behaviors, which were not correlated significantly, were related significantly to number of adult antisocial behaviors. There were no significant interaction effects. Results were consistent with a theoretical model of PTSD development that emphasizes the role of trauma vs. premorbid characterological factors. In addition, the significant association between combat exposure and adult antisocial behavior indicates that trauma may play a role in the development and/or maintenance of adult antisocial behaviors observed in some Vietnam v

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198911)45:6<860::AID-JCLP2270450605>3.0.CO;2-5

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPrevious social support research had demonstrated the presence of either main (network) or buffering (interaction) effects as factors that mitigated the impact of life stress. To date, two studies have assessed both types of social supports in the same subjects at the same time. One study found a main effect, and both studies reported buffering effects. The present study (N= 74) extended this type of inquiry with a more comprehensive assessment of both social support resources that addressed previous methodological limitations. This study found buffering effects, but no main network effect. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed.

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198911)45:6<867::AID-JCLP2270450606>3.0.CO;2-I

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe relationships among depression, depressogenic cognitions, and mood‐related activities were examined in clinic and nonclinic populations. Fiftyseven participants in a treatment program for depression and 143 undergraduate subjects were administered a questionnaire battery that included the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ), Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS), and the mood‐related items of both the Pleasant Events Schedule (PES) and Unpleasant Events Schedule (UES). Depressogenic cognitions and mood‐related activities were correlated with one another and with depression in both populations: As depression increased, depressogenic cognitions and unpleasant activities increased while pleasant activities decreased. In addition, partial correlational analyses demonstrated that both depressogenic cognitions and mood‐related activities, independent of one another, were correlated significantly with depression. This demonstrates that cognitive and behavioral variables, while related to one another, contribute independent information concerning dep

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198911)45:6<872::AID-JCLP2270450607>3.0.CO;2-T

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article reviewed six of the eight summaries of Black‐White MMPI studies that have been published from 1960 to 1987. The first summarizers had 4 studies to deal with; the most recent had 53. As more data have become available, the summaries have become increasingly methodologically sophisticated. Differences found, explanations offered, and conclusions drawn were noted. Disagreements are in part a function of procedures followed and findings focused on. Authors' attitudes toward racial comparisons also may play a role. Definitive answers to the racial bias question may be exceptionally difficult to reach due to the unlikelihood of finding the unbiased criteria required by the research strategy recommended to test the accuracy of inferences about racial subgroups from the MMP

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198911)45:6<878::AID-JCLP2270450608>3.0.CO;2-8

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe study reports on principal component analyses of the MCMI‐1 at the item level. The 175 items of the MCMI were separated for analysis into 100 descriptive of personality and 75 that represent clinical symptoms. The data analyzed came from a sample of 253 psychiatric outpatients and a sample of 185 inpatient alcoholics. The scree test was applied to decide on the number of factors to retain. The factors retained in the four analyses were rotated by the Varimax and Direct Oblimin procedures. The results were similar across the two samples. The six personality dimensions isolated were interpreted as Social Introversion ‐ Extraversion, Dependency on Others, Verbal Hostility, Need to Please Others, Self‐Dramatization, and Orderliness. These have some resemblance to Millon's eight personality styles. Four of the five symptom factors were similar to Millon's clinical symptom scales. In addition to a very large Depression factor, there were factors of Manic Excitement, Drug Abuse, Alcoholic Misuse, and Suicidal Ide

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198911)45:6<884::AID-JCLP2270450609>3.0.CO;2-G

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Chinese version of the General Health Questionnaire‐30 was administered to 2,150 Chinese secondary school students, along with several other scales that measure somatic and psychological sysmptoms. GHQ scores were found to correlate significantly with all other measures of psychopathology for the various samples. Further analyses indicated that while the GHQ correlated more strongly with scales that assess acute symptoms than with scales that measure chronic problems, GHQ correlations were higher with measures of state as well as trait anxiety relative to indices that primarily reflect non‐anxiety‐related symptoms. Correlations between the various factor scores of the GHQ and other indices of psychopathology also were found to be mostly significant. These findings generally suggest that the Chinese GHQ‐30 is a valid instrument that assesses “general” psychological health, and the data provide support for the validity of some of the factorial dimensions of

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198911)45:6<890::AID-JCLP2270450610>3.0.CO;2-G

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Family Relationship Index (FRI) is a self‐report measure that provides an overall index of the quality of the family environment, as well as subscores that reflect family cohesion, expressiveness, and conflict. The current study is based on 53 families who had approached a family service agency for counseling and who had completed an FRI measure prior to intake. The construct validity of the FRI scores was evaluated by comparing them to measures of family functioning provided by experienced famly therapists as part of the intake process. Support for the construct validity of the composite index and two of the subscores, Family Cohesion and Family Conflict, was obtaine

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198911)45:6<897::AID-JCLP2270450611>3.0.CO;2-T

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY