摘要:

AbstractFour articles that reported studies that used the Whitaker Index of Schizophrenic Thinking (WIST) were published in theJournal of Clinical Psychologyin early 1977. These articles are reviewed by the WIST's author in terms of necessary conditions for valid and useful studies of schizophrenic thinking. Two of the studies reported used the MMPI SC Scale: one of them failed to note its limitations and used the WIST incorrectly; the other resulted in some useful data. The other two articles report ground‐breaking investigations of schizophrenic thinking as conceptual rule‐learning inability. They are viewed as providing a valuable new orientation in the study of schizophrenic thinking because they investigate the phenomena first‐hand instead of relying simply on ordinary psychiatric diagnosis for a criterion. Some previously unpublished data on the WIST and intelligence relevant to all four studies are rep

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197807)34:3<588::AID-JCLP2270340302>3.0.CO;2-O

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSchizophrenics and alcoholic controls estimated the duration of a single dark dot, which followed an auditory warning signal of variable duration that functioned as foreperiod duration. The effect of foreperiod duration on time estimation was an increasing one for both schizophrenics and alcoholics alike. Elimination of such foreperiod effect by prior time information in terms of correlation between pitch of the warning signal and foreperiod duration, was shown to be unique to schizophrenics. However, this prior time information effect was demonstrated only when the dot was viewed binocularly, not when viewed monocularly. This binocular locus of time expectancy in schizophrenia reflects the tendency toward spatialization of prior time information.

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197807)34:3<595::AID-JCLP2270340303>3.0.CO;2-T

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAsked U. S., British, and Mexican male students of college age to discriminate among three affective displays presented by 10 schizophrenic and 10 normal U. S. women. Significant main effects for diagnostic category, nationality of judge, and for the interaction of nationality and diagnostic category were obtained. Furthermore, U. S. judges did significantly better in judging normals as compared to schizophrenics, British judges tended in the same direction, and Mexican judges did not. Co‐nationality and national similarity confer an advantage in judging normals as compared to schizophrenics. The data have relevance for questions about the effects of sending and receiving nonverbal emotional messages on communications or miscommunications between doctor and patient, doctors from different cultures and people including conference negotiators, from different national background

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197807)34:3<600::AID-JCLP2270340304>3.0.CO;2-A

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUsed a measure of reduction in experienced control to investigate two aspects of the learned helplessness model of depression. Consistent with this model, psychiatric inpatients who reported reduced control over life events prior to hospitalization were significantly more depressed than individuals who reported no such reductions. Locus of control (I‐E) was not related to depression scores, and it was suggested, in light of previous research, that future research on the antecedents of depression employ more specific measures of control rather than measures of generalized expectancies. Additionally, depressives as a diagnostic group reported greater reduced control than chronic schizophrenics, paranoid schizophrenics, and patients with personality disorder diagnoses. These results were interpreted as supporting the specificity of learned helplessness to depression. It was suggested that research on learned helplessness and depression, which has relied on college student analogues, can be complemented profitably by studies of reduced experienced control within clinical population

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197807)34:3<609::AID-JCLP2270340305>3.0.CO;2-H

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIdiographic research occupies an accepted position in personological study and clinical psychology. This review critically examines one such method of investigatio, the clinical‐personological approach, which relies on inductive inference and attempts to provide description at the level of the “whole person.” The data base is essentially clinical, psychosocial and psychometric, and information integration is achieved through “convergent validation.” The approach was criticized on three grounds: (a) level of description is only at a single level, i. e., the general; (b) the data base is limited to grosser system attributes and is typically of low reliability and validity; and (c) inductive inference formulation is unduly susceptible to influence by chance factors, and attempts to validate the hypothesis are rare. Of the alternative approaches, Persoal Construct Theory appears a promising avenue, but is also open to

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197807)34:3<614::AID-JCLP2270340306>3.0.CO;2-S

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA group of 50 patients (29 bipolar and 21 unipolar) hospitalized for depression were compared on the IPAT Anxiety Scale. The bipolar depressed group reported significantly less anxiety than the unipolar group. This finding supports the results of other studies that reported relatively less psychopathology in bipolar groups during the acute depressive state. It is suggested that test‐taking defensiveness, especially denial, might account for relatively lower anxiety and MMPI scores in bipolar group

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197807)34:3<621::AID-JCLP2270340307>3.0.CO;2-X

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAdministered the Bannister‐Fransella Grid Test of Schizophrenic Thought Disorder to 40 male schizophrenics. Half of them received a monetary reward for their performance, and half did not. The efficacy of this motivation‐en‐hancing manipulation was verified by the fact that the group that was working for the money completed a card sorting task significantly faster than the group that received no compensation. However, the former group also exhibited more thought disorder on the grid test. The results were intrpreted in terms of drive theory. It was argued that the rewarded group was more motivated and therefore more highly aroused and that this high arousal level disrupted performance on the more complex task. The findings do not support the hypothesis that lack of motivation contributes to schizophrenic cognitive de

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197807)34:3<624::AID-JCLP2270340308>3.0.CO;2-L

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExplored the effect of non‐signal and signal stimuli conditions upon skin conductance (SC) and finger pulse amplitude (FPA) of 8 schizophrenic patients and 6 normal controls. Both groups were assessed on a reaction time (RT) task that consisted of visual, auditory and tactile stimuli. Schizophrenics were significantly slower in the perception and reaction to visual, auditory and tactile stimuli than the normal volunteers. The autonomic reactivity of schizophrenics and normals was nonsignificant during the relaxation and non‐signal stimuli conditions. However, when schizophrenics were asked to respond to signal stimuli or when an interfering stimulus was introduced, an autonomic imbalance was observed. The concept of directional fractionation provides the theoretical framework for the discussion of the autonomic resu

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197807)34:3<629::AID-JCLP2270340309>3.0.CO;2-3

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBirth patterns of non‐aboriginal, first admission, Western Australian psychiatric patients born between 1920 and 1950 were compared statistically with those of the general population. Three I. C. D. categories were examined: schizophenia, anxiety neurosis, and depressive neurosis. For both categories of neurosis no deviations from normal birth patterns were observed. For males, marked excesses in schizophrenic births were observed in June, and for females a similar excess occurred in September. Possible explanations for this sex difference are examine

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197807)34:3<633::AID-JCLP2270340310>3.0.CO;2-9

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInvestigated MMPI profiles between two groups of adolescents with dissimilar disabilities (cleft lip/palate, orthopedic) who displayed observable physical impairment. The findings support the contention that type of disability has differential effects on adolescent personality characteristics. However, the profile elevations are consistent with previous reports of behavioral inhibition in both disability groups. Adolescents with impairments of the cleft lip/palate display greater self‐concern and ruminative self‐doubt over interpersonal interactions. The orthopedically impaired group exhibit an isolative and passive orientation to interpersonal interactions, as well as more generalized feelings of alienat

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(197807)34:3<636::AID-JCLP2270340311>3.0.CO;2-Y

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY