摘要:

AbstractInvestigated the interrelationships between reaction time and three major verbal word association variables (response commonality, idiosyncratic responses, and degree of logical relatedness) in schizophrenics (N= 42) and nonschizophrenic psychiatric controls (N= 30). This study investigated the degree to which these four measures assess similar or different components of associative thought disorder in the sameSs, using both verbal associative measures and a nonverbal performance measure. Results indicated that reaction time was largely independent of all verbal measures in schizophrenics. These data were discussed in regard to the meaning and interpretation of word association test data as a function of choice of dependent variables for measuring associative thought disturbance.

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198307)39:4<467::AID-JCLP2270390402>3.0.CO;2-Z

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractReported the relationship between age, education, and performance on a battery of psychological and neuropsychological tests.Ss were 55 patients with symptomatic carotid artery disease (both TIA and completed stroke). Contrary to previous studies, there was no relationship between age and test performance, but there was a relationship between education and test performance. When theSs were grouped according to level of education, the grade school group performed more poorly than both the high school and university groups on a variety of measures. These results were discussed in regard to their relation to previous studies and in the implications of these findings for clinical practice.

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198307)39:4<470::AID-JCLP2270390403>3.0.CO;2-F

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAdministered the projective Hand Test (HT) to 52 institutionalized elderly adults in order to establish its validity in measuring individual differences in relationships between mental status and physical self‐maintenance ability. Results suggested substantial covariance among level of self‐care, organic dysfunction, and personality, independent of length of institutionalization. Implications of these data for the functional assessment of institutionalized older adults are discus

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198307)39:4<479::AID-JCLP2270390404>3.0.CO;2-M

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt is not clear whether the psychological disturbances associated with chronic low back pain are the cause or the result of the chronicity. It is also not clear whether increasing duration of low back pain is associated with depression. Three groups of patients (N= 148), with recent (0–6 months), relatively longstanding (6‐24 months) and chronic (more than 24 months) low back pain were given the MMPI, Multiple Affect Adjective Check List (MAACL), State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Low Back Pain Questionnaire (LBPQ). Increasing chronicity is associated with significant increases on MMPI Hs, D, HY, PT and MA scales, and on STAI Trait Anxiety scale. These results suggest that chronicity leads to the development of psychopathological characteristics and that these characteristics include a heightened awareness of somatic functioning and the vegetative aspects of the depressive syndrome, but that there is no increase in depressive mood or in the perception of the pain its

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198307)39:4<486::AID-JCLP2270390405>3.0.CO;2-R

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTested the hypothesis that two brief pre‐discharge interventions would improve transfer success for psychiatric inpatients discharged to an outpatient community aftercare program. Seventy‐four inpatients viewed one of three videotapes designed to: (1) provide programmatic information about follow‐up clinics; (2) shape accurate expectations for outpatient therapy; or (3) provide non‐specific emphasis to the importance of aftercare. A baseline group also was employed. As hypothesized, posttest questionnaires showed that experimentalSs had significantly more knowledge of the follow‐up program and greater congurence of therapy expectations. A generalized behavioral effect also occurred; the two experimental groups had a higher rate of transfer success (82%) than the controls (59%). No differences in therapy persistence were observed. These findings suggest that mental health centers might improve transfer success by providing inpatients with detailed information about community aftercare

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198307)39:4<494::AID-JCLP2270390406>3.0.CO;2-T

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExamined the relationship between personality and psychopathology through the use of the Multivariate Personality Inventory (MPI) (N= 100). The concurrent validity study compared the factors of the MPI with those of the Lazare‐Klerman Personality Inventory, which was developed for a pathological population. Factor analysis of these two inventories yielded three factors that correspond to the three predicted personality styles: Hysteric, Compulsive, and Character Disorder. In the second part of this study the construct validity of these scales was examined. Results showed significant differences among groups in the predicted directions, which indicates that the personality groups as defined by the MPI in a normal population perform as would be predicted from work with pathological groups that bear the same label. Construct validity measures did not support the predictions with regard to the performance of the personality type

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198307)39:4<498::AID-JCLP2270390407>3.0.CO;2-E

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractVideo‐image representations of body size were measured on a television monitor that was modified to give a display continuum that ranged from 50% under‐ to 50% over‐estimation of objective size. Sixty‐eight females who were undergoing weight reduction counseling were measured before and after treatment. AllSs judged themselves to be significantly more obese than they actually were, with a tendency for errors to be greatest among the more obeseSs. After therapy, more realistic estimates of their physiques ensued. A drop‐out rate of 23% was recorded: the drop‐outs saw themselves as significantly more obese than those who graduated from

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198307)39:4<507::AID-JCLP2270390408>3.0.CO;2-K

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRated the audio portions of videotaped segments of 32 dyadic interviews between A‐type and B‐type undergraduate males for accurate empathy using Truax's AE‐Scale. Results indicate that the level of empathy displayed by both members of an interactive dyad was influenced by the A‐B types of the individuals of the dyad. B‐types elicited higher levels of empathy when they interacted with other B‐types, while any dyad that contained an A‐type resulted in a lower level of empathy when compared to the empathy found in BB dyads. This result better fits a similarity hypothesis than a complementari

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198307)39:4<512::AID-JCLP2270390409>3.0.CO;2-V

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn an effort to observe the effect of saliency upon speech rate and foot or leg movement 40 college students (20 males and 20 females) were interviewed about topics that were judged to be of either high or low saliency. The interviews were tape‐recorded, and a mean speech rate for each person for each topic was determined. Observers, behind a one‐way window, recorded the leg and foot movements. Analyses of variance revealed differences in the speech rate data as a function of saliency, and an interaction between saliency and sex for the movement data. The females made more movements when they were discussing the highly salient material, whereas there was no difference for the males as a function of saliency. These data support the hypothesis that speech rate varies as a function of topic saliency and that foot and leg movement is a function of both saliency and the sex of the particip

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198307)39:4<520::AID-JCLP2270390410>3.0.CO;2-P

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA recent theory states that the immediate cause of adult depression is low motivation, where motivation is the multiplicative product of a person's expectation for a reward times his value for that reward. The present experiment supported the extension of this theory to childhood depression. The expectations, values, and motivations of three groups of children (Ns = 18; mean ages = 10) were measured: A depressed group and a hyperactive control group were selected from a population of clinically disturbed children, while normal controls were selected from regular classrooms. As predicted, the depressed children exhibited reduced motivation, primarily because their expectations were pessimistic. Unexpected findings were that the depressives' expectations were not abnormally irrational; and that hyperactives exhibited optimistic expectations, inflated values, and, hence, inflated motivation–especially for tangible rewards. Cognitive therapy techniques that focus upon expectations were recommended for the treatment of both depressed and hyperactive childre

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198307)39:4<523::AID-JCLP2270390411>3.0.CO;2-D

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY