摘要:

AbstractScales of premorbid adjustment, which generally rely very heavily upon assessment of premorbid social functioning, long have been known to predict some forms of thinking disorder in schizophrenia. Several scales theorized to detect schizophrenia proneness were compared to the Phillips Scale of Premorbid Adjustment to determine whether the characteristics measured by the proneness scales might underlie the predictive power of premorbid social functioning. In a sample of 48 schizophrenics, only the Phillips Scale predicted performance on the Gorham's Proverb Test. These data give no evidence that anhedonia, ambivalence, or perceptual aberration underlie defective schizophrenic social functioning. Cautions and other uses for the schizophrenia proneness scales are discussed.

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198305)39:3<311::AID-JCLP2270390302>3.0.CO;2-W

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExamined heart rate, skin conductance, and finger pulse amplitude at rest and in response to stress in a group of 10 chronically depressedSs and a closely matched set of controls. While all physiological channels revealed a significant main effect attributable to the conditions of rest, anticipation of stress, and stress, only the skin conductance channel revealed a significant group effect. No significant interaction effect was revealed for any of the channels. The results indicate that skin conductance level may have some potential in assessing the level of depression in clients and that attempts to control directly skin conductance level, as in biofeedback, may prove to be a useful adjunct in the treatment of depression with the characteristics employed in this study.

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198305)39:3<315::AID-JCLP2270390303>3.0.CO;2-H

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTested the ability of the Whitaker Index of Schizophrenic Thinking (WIST): (1) to distinguish schizophrenics from nonschizophrenics (N= 30); (2) to agree with clinically rated severity of thought disorder; and (3) to correlate with a measure of generalized cognitive deficit. The WIST was not found to discriminate accurately schizophrenics from nonschizophrenics, but was found to agree strongly with the Shipley Institute of Living Scale, a measure of generalized cognitive dysfunction. Finally, clinically rated estimates of schizophrenic thinking (i. e., conceptual disorganization, unusual thought content) failed to predict WIST Index. The WIST appears to be primarily a measure of generalized deficit.

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198305)39:3<321::AID-JCLP2270390304>3.0.CO;2-P

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractConducted a treatment‐outcome study to investigate the effectiveness of behavioral (BT) or physical therapy (PT) for treating chronic low back pain (CLBP). Thirteen patients received BT; 12 patients received PT. All patients had at least a 6‐month history of seeking treatment of CLBP. Prior to treatment patients were assesed in four principal areas of functioning: (1) physical abilities; (2) current physical functioning; (3) psychological and psychosocial functioning; and (4) pain intensity and pain perception. Treatments were conducted in a group (5‐8 patients) outpatient setting. Both BT and PT met for 10 weekly 2‐hour sessions. BT was designed to address the environmental, social, and emotional influences of the pain experience, depression, and decreased activity from CLBP. PT was based upon traditional rehabiliation theory and was designed to improve low back function. The posttreatment results showed general improvement for patients in both groups, but few treatment‐specific differences in outcome

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198305)39:3<326::AID-JCLP2270390305>3.0.CO;2-7

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAdministered the Child Abuse Potential (CAP) Inventory to 99 parents assessed as “At Risk” of parenting problems by the At Risk Parent‐Child Program, Inc., Tulsa, Oklahoma. The study was designed to determine the number and extent of elevated abuse scores in an “At Risk” group compared to a norm group and to discover whether present “At Risk” parents were more seriously “At Risk” than past clients in the same program. During a 3‐year period participants were offered the CAP‐Inventory as part of the routine evaluation process. Results indicated the “At Risk” group scored significantly above a norm group, with 58% and 52% of the “At Risk” parents scoring above the 95th and 99th percentiles of the norm group, respectively. Comparison of the present results with data from a previous study in the same program (Milner&Ayoub, 1980) showed that the present “At Risk” group earned a significantly higher mean abuse score and had significantly more individual scores above the 95th and 99th percentiles of the norm group than did previous “At Risk” parents. The data indicated the Program is currently more effective in the selection of parents in need of its services. However, because the clients are in greater need, other findings (Thomasson, Berkovitz, Minor, Cassle, McCord,&Milner, 1981) suggest that the Program may now find itself having a more difficult time demonstrating program effectiveness because participan

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198305)39:3<334::AID-JCLP2270390306>3.0.CO;2-9

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInvestigated communication in happy and distressed married couples, in two studies. Fifty‐eight couples' problem‐solving behaviors were evaluated by the spouses themselves and by trained observers. Some distressed couples viewed their own videotape; others received a placebo intervention. Half of the distressed couples received written feedback before a second discussion. Results indicated that (a) distressed and happy couples differed on some behavioral measures; (b) both happy and distressed wives engaged in more negative behaviors than husbands; (c) videotape and written feedback were ineffective in altering behaviors; (d) husbands' and wives' negative behaviors were correlated highly; and (e) spouses' and observers' ratings were independent. Implications for research on marriage and for behavioral couple therapy are discus

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198305)39:3<340::AID-JCLP2270390307>3.0.CO;2-H

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExplored counselor ratings of 10‐to 13‐year‐old Ss (33 girls and 99 boys) in the first and last of three 15‐day therapeutic camping trips. Counselors rated the Ss on a 25‐item, 6‐point Likert scale. Examined were any perceived changes that occurred in the boys or girls according to the six factors extracted from the rating data. The factors found were: Group interferer, unstructured dependence, disliked but trying, outright offender, mutual leadership, and institutional adaptability. Results indicated a significant difference between boys and girls from third‐trip comparisons on unstructured dependence. Only the boys showed significant differences between the first and third trips. Reliable counselor ratings were found, and boys were perceived by the counselors to change, while girls were not. A discussion of possible reasons and/or implications of the st

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198305)39:3<353::AID-JCLP2270390308>3.0.CO;2-4

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInvestigated assertive behavior among black male psychiatric patients under white vs. black interpersonal partner conditions. Twenty‐four high and 24 low scorers in level of measured general assertiveness served as Ss (N= 48). Responses to familiar and unfamiliar interpersonal stimuli in two conditions, role‐play, and in vivo, were videotaped and rated. Dependent variables in the role play condition were: (1) Request for new behavior; (2) compliance; (3) affect; and (4) overall assertiveness; and (1) expression of negative opinion; (2) compliance; and (3) overall assertiveness for the in vivo condition. Although MANOVA revealed no main effect for race, Ss in the unfamiliar condition were more assertive (p<.05) than those in the familiar role play condition. Also, Ss' responses in role play were more assertive (p<.05) in the unfamiliar‐white prompter condition as compared to Ss' responses in the unfamiliar‐black prompter condition. In the in vivo situation for overall assertiveness, responses were rated as more assertive in the white prompter condition. In addition, although Ss were more likely to express negative opinions in the black prompter condition, they were more likely to comply with an unreasonable request in the white prompter co

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198305)39:3<361::AID-JCLP2270390309>3.0.CO;2-6

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCompared a group of 25 postpartum depressed mothers and 25 control mothers with respect to the level and quality of stimulation they provided for their newborn infants during a feeding session. Observer measures of maternal behavior included visual, auditory and kinesthetic stimulation and levels of unconditional positive regard. Results did not indicate any differences between the two groups in levels of stimulation. However, depressed mothers provided significantly lower levels of unconditional positive regard and exhibited less continuity of rocking behavior with their infants. A post hoc analysis that compared the extremes of the twoSgroups (N= 22) revealed significant differences in gazing behavior, with more depressed mothers gazing less at their infant's faces. Depressed mothers exhibited significantly lower levels of marital adjustment and had more extensive postpartum concerns. Contrary to expectations, no relationship was demonstrated between level of marital adjustment and maternal behavior toward the infant.

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198305)39:3<369::AID-JCLP2270390310>3.0.CO;2-8

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStudied the degree of self‐disclosure in borderline and hypertensive individuals (N= 50) using a checklist of personal concerns. Shoppers who sought blood pressure measurements in a health display had blood pressure measured before and after the completion of the checklist. Results showed that individuals with elevated blood pressure did not disclose as many personal concerns as normotensives and were less likely to report feeling stressed after the cognitive task even when blood pressure increases had occurred. These findings indicate the need both for further understanding of the nature of self‐disclosure and also concurrent investigations of hypertensive characteristics and blood pressure responsiv

ISSN:0021-9762    

DOI:10.1002/1097-4679(198305)39:3<376::AID-JCLP2270390311>3.0.CO;2-D

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY