摘要:

The effect of lowering renal cortical sulfhydryl concentration on development of acute renal failure (ARF) was evaluated in rats receiving HgCl2(15 mg/kg body weight, im). Within 90 min after HgCl2injection urine flow rate and fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) were significantly elevated above control levels, and they remained elevated throughout the 3‐h experimental period. Urine flow rate and FENawere not significantly elevated above control levels in animals injected with diethyl maléate (3 mmol/kg, ip) 30 min before and 90 min after HgCl2(DEM/HgCl2). Administration of DEM alone did not alter renal function. Although lower than control levels, concentrations of protein‐bound sulfhydryl groups (PBSH) were comparable in HgCl2‐ and DEM/HgCl2‐treated animals. In contrast, concentrations of nonprotein sulfhydryl groups (NPSH) were 62% lower in DEM/HgCl2animals than in those treated with HgCl2alone. Similarly, Hg accumulation was 54% lower in DEM/HgCl2‐treated animals than in animals treated with HgCl2alone. These results suggest that NPSH play an Important role in Hg uptake and subsequent development of Hg toxicity.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287398209530147

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Some ways in which four short‐term tests may be used to evaluate the mutagenicity of drinking water were explored by testing raw and treated water from Lake Bloomington, which serves the town of Bloomington, Illinois (population, 44,000). The water was collected from February 1976 to October 1977 and was concentrated by evaporation or by use of XAD‐2 resin. The water was tested for the ability to induce reverse mutation in a prokaryote,Salmonella typhimurium; forward mutation in a mold,Neurospora crassa; mitotic gene conversion in a yeast,Saccharomyces cerevisiae; and reverse mutation in maize,Zea mays. Because of the large number of water samples (54) and the limited amounts of the samples, it was not possible to test all samples in all four tests by all the protocols. Thus, the sensitivities of the four tests to potential mutagens in the water samples could not be rigorously compared. However, the results do show that lake and tap water samples collected during 1976 were toxic but not mutagenic inN. crassaand neither toxic nor genotoxic inS. cerevisiae; lake water collected during 1977 was mutagenic in one line ofZ. maysand slightly mutagenic inS. typhimuriumstrain TA1536 in the presence of rat liver S9. The results suggest that tests that detect a variety of genetic end points should be used when testing complex mixtures such as drinking water. The advantages and disadvantages of the tests and protocols are discussed in terms of their applicability to the study of the mutagenicity of drinking water.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287398209530148

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The literature dealing with monoethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), the principal metabolite of di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a widely used plasticizer, is discussed. MEHP has been shown to be moderately toxic and, following oral administration, undergoes ω‐ and ω ‐ 1 oxidation to yield the same metabolites as does DEHP. In plasma there is an equilibrium between MEHP absorbed to albumin and in free solution, whereas DEHP is bound to fipoproteins. Studies involving orally administered MEHP revealed that mild hepatic changes occurred but there was no bioaccumulation of the monoester. Studies of the rat and rabbit indicated that MEHP has no teratogenic effects.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287398209530149

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This work was done to clarify the relation between the change of lipid peroxidation and the protective systems in lungs after NO2exposure. JCL:Wistar 8‐wk‐old male rats were exposed continuously to 10 ppm NO2for 2 wk. Lipid peroxidation, measured by ethane exhalation in the breath of the rats and by the reaction of thiobarbituric acid with lung homogenates, increased to a maximum at 3 d after a decline at 1 d, and then returned to the initial level (of d 0).

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287398209530150

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

To evaluate the acute effects of NO2on the physical performance of experimental animals, male mice 15–16 wk old were exposed to 5, 10, 20, or 40 ppm NO2for 24 h, and forced swimming endurance time (FSET), changes in FSET during the postexposure days, lung wet weight, lung water content, and blood lactate level were examined. FSET of mice exposed to NO2at 10, 20, and 40 ppm decreased immediately after exposure. FSET of mice exposed to 5 ppm NO2did not change immediately after exposure, but a significant decrease was observed from d 1 to d 4 after exposure. FSET recovered to the initial control level after 5–6 d, 7–8 d, and over 9 d in mice exposed to NO2at 5, 10, and 20 ppm, respectively. Lung wet weight of mice exposed to 20 and 40 ppm NO2and lung water content of mice exposed to 10, 20, and 40 ppm NO2increased with dose. A negative relation was demonstrated between FSET and lung wet weight and between FSET and lung water content. Without forced swimming exercise, the blood lactate level of mice exposed to 5 ppm NO2was almost equivalent to that of control mice, but the blood lactate level of the exposed mice significantly increased immediately and 24 h after forced swimming exercise for 4 min.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287398209530151

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287398209530136

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor