摘要:

This study was conducted to determine the effects and the differences, if any, resulting from the ingestion of aspartame (sweetener) versus sucrose. A 13‐wk, double‐blind study was conducted using 726 apparently healthy children and adolescents as panelists. Individuals were randomly assigned in a double‐blind design to aspartame or sucrose in each of five age groups; dosage levels were assigned according to age and weight groups. Physical examinations and special eye examinations were performed at the beginning and end of the study. Other parameters determined including laboratory tests of liver and renal function, hematologic status, and plasma levels of phenylalanine and tyrosine.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397609529442

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Given the potential use of a low‐calorie sweetener during weight reduction, a toxicity study of chronic aspartame ingestion was conducted. Particular attention was given to possible long‐term effects of aspartame on the fuel hormonal alterations characteristically caused by weight reduction. As a group mean age was 19.3 yr, body weight was 164.6 lb, and mean height was 65.4 in. Subjects were an average of 33% in excess of ideal body weight. The aspartame dose was 2.7 g/day and was compared on a double‐blind randomized basis with a lactose placebo. Both materials were given in gelatin capsules. An average of 6.9 ± 1.5 lb was lost by the aspartame group during the 13‐wk study on a calculated 1,000‐calorie diet. The placebo group lost 4.5 ± 1.21b (no significant difference between the two groups). After an overnight fast, reductions in glucose and immunoreactive insulin were seen in both groups, while rising trends in immunoreactive glucagon were observed. These changes are all characteristic of calorie restriction. In no instance was there a detectable effect of the ingested aspartame. No meaningful effect of weight reduction or aspartame was seen on plasma triglyceride and cholesterol, nor on any other parameter of hematologic, hepatic, or renal function that was measured. Similarly, side effects were equally distributed between aspartame and placebo.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397609529443

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A study was designed to determine the effect of the consumption of the nutritive sweetener aspartame on non‐insulin‐dependent diabetics. Forty‐three adult diabetics between the ages of 21 and 70 completed a 90‐day study; all were diabetics whose conditions were managed by diet and/or hypoglycemic agents. Participants in the blind study were instructed to continue their usual diet and to take two capsules of an assigned preparation three times daily with meals, either the aspartame or the placebo. The 1.8 g of aspartame administered is approximately three times the expected daily consumption of aspartame if used as a sweetener to replace sugar. Throughout the study subjects were examined for (1) symptoms of intolerance, (2) fasting plasma phenylalanine levels exceeding 4 mg/100 ml, and (3) deterioration of diabetic control. At the conclusion of the study subjects exhibited no symptoms that could be traced to the administration of aspartame or the placebo, and diabetic control was unaffected by the chronic administration of these substances. Aspartame seems to be well tolerated by non‐insulin‐dependent diabetics.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397609529444

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Aspartame [SC‐18862; 3‐amino‐H‐(α‐carboxyphenethyl)succinamic acid, methyl ester, the methyl ester of aspartylphenylalanine] is a sweetening agent that organoleptically has about 180 times the sweetness of sugar. The metabolism of aspartame has been studied in mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, monkeys, and humans. The compound was digested in all species in the same way as are natural constituents of the diet. Hydrolysis of the methyl group by intestinal esterases yielded methanol, which was oxidized in the one‐carbon metabolic pool to CO2. The resultant dipeptide was split at the mucosal surface by dipeptidases and the free amino acids were absorbed. The aspartic acid moiety was transformed in large part to CO2through its entry into the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Phenylalanine was primarily incorporated into body protein either unchanged or as its major metabolite, tyrosine.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397609529445

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Aspartame, a new artificial sweetener, was administered to 45 obligate phenylketonuric adults for 28 wk. This new sweetening agent was well tolerated, and no untoward medical or biochemical changes were noted.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397609529446

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Separate tolerance tests with aspartame at 34 mg/kg‐day and phenylalanine at 19 mg/kg‐day were compared. The results reveal that slight serum elevation of phenylalanine and tyrosine occurred in the two PKU and the normal healthy adolescents. It would appear that the phenylalanine in the sweetener aspartame is small enough to be of little clinical significance.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397609529447

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Neonatal mice received oral doses of monosodium glutamate (MSG) at levels of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 g/kg or aspartame at levels of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g/kg. Hypothalamic lesions were encountered at dose levels equal to or exceeding 0.5 g/kg (MSG) and 1.0 g/kg (aspartame). Aspartame administration resulted in a much smaller hypothalamic lesion than did equal dosages of MSG.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397609529448

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A procedure was devised for computing intake in terms of calories, total protein, phenylalanine, carbohydrate, and fat. The procedure used a magnetic tape containing 3,122 numbered food items. The nutrient composition of each food was reported for 100 g of the edible portion of the food. In addition, diet diaries were prepared in which the foods eaten during the preceding 24‐hr period, the code for each food corresponding to the number for the same item on the magnetic tape, and the number of units of each food eaten were recorded. A computer program then was written that calculated the amounts of intake per day for each nutrient. Application of the procedure for 42 consecutive days on the daily diet records of 43 adult carriers of the phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme formed the data base used to determine if aspartame significantly increased levels of phenylalanine in the blood. Adaptations of the procedure permit calculations of intake for periods from 1 to 30 days and analyses of additional nutrients including calcium, phosphorous, iron, vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, and ascorbic acid.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397609529449

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

GLUCONEOGENESIS Edited by R. W. Hanson and Myron A. Mehlman, New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1976.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397609529450

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397609529431

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor