摘要:

Dihydrocitrinone, 3,4‐dihydro‐6,8‐dihydroxy‐3,4,5‐trimethyiisocoumarin‐7‐carboxylic acid, was isolated and identified as a urinary metabolite after oral administration of citrinin to rats. Male and female Osborne‐Mendel rats received 30 mg citrinin/kg body weight by oral intubation. The metabolite dihydrocitrinone was present in urine collected at 0–2, 2–4, 4–6, 6–8, and 8–24 h after treatment. Only unchanged citrinin was found in blood collected 24 h after administration of the compound. The metabolite had a blue fluorescence and the same Rfon thin‐layer chromatography, the same retention time on reverse‐phase high‐pressure liquid chromatography, and the same mass spectrum as an authentic sample of dihydrocitrinone.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287398309530426

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The sensitivity of three genetic lines of Japanese quail to polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) was evaluated using criteria of egg production, reproduction, and induction of the hepatic microsomal mixed‐function oxidase (MFO) system. Two genetic lines of quail, developed to diverge in their plasma cholesterol response to exogenous adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) (a “Low” line and a “High” line), were compared to a random‐bred line (“Random”). ACTH administration caused increases in plasma cholesterol in the Low line that were 15 and 39% below the Random‐line values in males and females, respectively, while High‐line values were 31% higher in males and 36% higher in females when compared to the respective Random‐line values. Hepatic activities of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and hexobarbital hydroxylase (HxH) were not significantly influenced by ACTH administration or by genetic line in either sex. PBBs fed at 40 or 80 mg/kg diet for 5 wk resulted in significant increases in hepatic AHH and aminopyrine N‐demethylase (APND) activities and cytochrome P‐450 concentrations. The induction of AHH, APND, and cytochrome P‐450 was significantly less in Low‐line males in comparison to Random‐ and High‐line males, while the induction of AHH was less in Low‐line females when compared to females from the other two lines, based on covariance analysis. In terms of reproductive parameters, there was a greater adverse effect on egg production at 80ppm PBBs in Low‐line females when compared to the Random and High lines. These data indicate an example in which the biological toxicity of a compound and the induction of a 3‐methylcholanthrene‐type hepatic enzyme are not directly correlated.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287398309530427

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Distribution and elimination of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) after administration to rainbow trout ('Salmo gairdnerij of a single oral dose of 5 μCi [14C]HCB/100 g body weight were studied by whole‐body autoradiography and liquid scintillation counting. To obtain some information on the physicochemical properties of the radiolabelled compounds, whole‐body autoradiography was performed exposing parallel sagittal sections, treated at ‐20° C, evaporated at 50°C, and extracted separately with polar and nonpolar solvents. At d 1, radioactivity was distributed throughout the body. The highest concentration of radioactivity was found in adipose tissue. In the abdominal fat, the peak level of radioactivity was measured at d 30. No part of the radioactivity in the bile was evaporable. Radioactivity in the intestinal content, the skin, and the uveal tract was partly evaporable, while only traces of radioactivity remained in adipose tissue after evaporation. Radioactivity in the bile was extractable with water only. No radioactivity remained in any tissue after extraction with polar and nonpolar solvents. The rate of elimination was slow, and substantial amounts of radioactivity remained in the body 120 d after administration. In addition to bile excretion of nonevaporable, water‐soluble radiolabeled compounds, a possible excretion over the intestinal mucosa was suggested.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287398309530428

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Unincubated herring‐gull (Larus argentatus) eggs were collected from five colonies on the Great Lakes Basin and from one relatively pollutant‐clean colony on the A tlantic coast. Eggs were incubated at 38° C with 55% relative humidity, and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) levels were measured in 7‐d embryos. For all of the colonies, the average SCE/chromosome frequency ranged from 0.069 to 0.101; however, no significant differences were found. Organochlorine analysis was carried out on egg homogenates for each colony, to determine the levels of several contaminants. There were no relationships found between any of the contaminant levels and the SCE frequencies. The study indicates that either the contaminants present in the herring‐gull eggs are not having any genetic effects on the embryos or, alternatively, that there may be genetic damage that measurement of SCEs in the 7‐d embryo is unable to detect.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287398309530429

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Herring‐gull (Larus argentatus) eggs were collected from five locations on the Great Lakes and from one colony on the Atlantic coast for organochlorine analysis and mutagenesis testing. The Great Lakes colonies were chosen for their different contaminant levels, while the Atlantic coast colony was used as a relatively clean control. The eggs were homogenized and extracted, and the extracts were tested in the Salmonella/mammalian microsome assay for induction of point mutations and in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells for the Induction of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and chromosome aberrations. None of the extracts was mutagenic inSalmonella, either in the presence or absence of metabolic activation. However, all of the extracts, including the clean control, caused significant increases in both the SCE rate and in the number of chromosome aberrations in the CHO cells. There was no apparent relationship between contaminant levels and the magnitude of these responses or the doses at which they occurred, although the chemical analysis indicated a wide range in the concentrations of the different organochlorides present.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287398309530430

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Approximately 200 female Swiss‐Webster mice, six to eight weeks of age, were divided into eight groups. Three of these groups were fed 10, 100, or 250 ppm Aroclor 1254. One group was treated with 1000 ppm lead. Three groups were exposed simultaneously to lead and Aroclor 1254 at concentrations of 10 ppm PCB + 1000 ppm Pb, 100 ppm PCB + 7000 ppm Pb, and 250 ppm PCB + 7000 ppm Pb. Control mice received deionized water and rat food only. All groups were exposed for a period of 12 wk, then bred, with exposure continued throughout gestation and lactation. Offspring were weaned onto the control diet at 3 wk of age.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287398309530431

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Male Sprague‐Dawley rats were treated ip for 30 d with either 3.0 mg Mn/kg or an equal volume of 0.9% NaCI, then sacrificed by exsanguination through the aorta under pentobarbital anesthesia. The pancreas was removed immediately, fixed in 1096 buffered formalin, and subsequently processed for light microscopy. Significant pathological changes were observed in pancreatic tissue from Mn‐exposed rats. These changes were characterized by a pancreatitis‐like reaction consisting of expanded interacinar spaces, a thickened connective tissue capsule with invaginations of fibrotic connective tissue septa extending into the body of the gland, the presence of an inflammatory infiltrate of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages, and the separation of groups of acini from the body of the pancreas with occasional destruction of acinar cells. Since other peritoneal organs did not exhibit pathological changes, this study suggests that intraperitoneally injected Mn2+exerts a selective toxicity on pancreatic tissue and that, therefore, intraperitoneal injection is not recommended as the route of administration of choice for chronic Mn neurotoxicity studies.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287398309530432

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Two groups of male Sprague‐Dawley rats were treated ip for 30 d with either 3.0 mg Mn/kg or an equal volume of 0.9% NaCI. Liver, kidney, pancreas, duodenum, spleen, testes, lungs, brain, skeletal muscle, bone, and blood were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry for the elements Mn, Mg, Zn, Fe, and Cu. Mn increased in all tissues except liver due to treatment. Bone and pancreas revealed the largest increases. In blood, increased Mn levels were almost totally accounted for by increases in the erythrocyte fraction. Subcellularly, all fractions (crude nuclear, crude mito‐chondrial, lysosomal, microsomal, and supernatant) revealed elevations in Mn content due to treatment. Mn did not concentrate selectively in any one subcellular fraction. Mn exposure was accompanied by decreased Zn levels in plasma and bone, decreased Mg levels in heart and bone, increased pancreatic Fe concentration, and increased Cu concentrations in plasma and several tissues.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287398309530433

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Radiolabeled sulfuric acid mists in the size range of 0.4–1.2 μm mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) were generated at 20 and 80% relative humidity at concentrations from 1.3 to 20 μg/l. Guinea pigs and rats were exposed to these aerosols by the nose‐only route for short periods (30 s) and were quickly sacrificed and dissected. The regional respiratory‐tract deposition patterns were measured. The results indicate that regional deposition fraction is positively correlated with droplet size of the sulfuric acid but is not correlated with atmospheric concentration or relative humidity over the ranges of the parameters studied. A comparison of the data obtained in these studies with those from earlier studies indicates that the deposition of sulfuric acid in the respiratory tract of rats is greater than for nonhygroscopic aerosols having similar MMADs. This may be due to the growth of the droplets in the high humidity of the respiratory tract.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287398309530434

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Cigarettes prepared from tobacco grown in pots of soils amended with soft coal fly ash were smoked, and the mainstream and gaseous fractions were analyzed for total selenium concentration. Fly‐ash‐grown and control (soil‐grown) tobaccos contained, respectively, 0.79 and 0.03 ppm selenium. The quantities of selenium (ng per cigarette) found in the mainstream particuiate and gaseous fractions were, respectively, 62.4 and 246.0 for the fly‐ash‐grown and 8.6 and 12.0 for the control treatments. Studies of the absorption, retention, effects, metabolism, and excretion of selenium in the body are reviewed.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287398309530435

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor