摘要:

An animal model is described that can be used to detect drugs that may exacerbate or ameliorate diabetes. The design of this model is based upon the finding that hyperglycemia caused by intravenous administration of streptozotocin to rats is inversely correlated with pancreatic insulin concentration when expressed as total pancreatic insulin (ng) per body weight (g). Drugs that alter this relationship may be classified, in a preliminary manner, as ameliorative or diabetogenic.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397609529422

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Cadmium concentrations were measured in the liver, kidney, and hair of 107 individuals from the Cincinnati area. The tissue samples were obtained from hospital and coroner autopsy cases and represent a cross‐section of individuals from fetal to old age. The sections used were standardized and analyzed for cadmium by atomic absorption. Information obtained at the time of autopsy included the cause of death, the conditions of the tissues, the body height and weight, the amount of anthracosis in the lungs, as well as age, sex, and race.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397609529423

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The estuarine fish, spot (Leiostomus xanthurus), was exposed to 0.27, 0.52, 1.01, 1.99, and 3.87 μg/liter technical grade heptachlor (65% heptachlor, 22%trans‐chlordane, 2%cis‐chlordane, 2% nonochlor, and 9% unidentified compounds) for 24 days in a flowthrough bioassay, followed by 28 days in heptachlor‐free seawater. Concentrations of heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, andtrans‐ andcis‐chlordane in edible tissues were monitored at day 3 and weekly thereafter throughout the bioassay and at the end of the postexposure period. All four chemicals were accumulated by spot. Maximum concentrations of heptachlor were observed on day 3; maximum concentrations of the other three compounds were observed on day 17. The average bioconcentration factors for heptachlor andtrans‐chlordane were 3,600 and 4,600, respectively. Only 10% or less of the maximum concentrations of heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, andtrans‐chlordane accumulated during the exposure period remained after 28 days in pesticide‐free seawater; an average of 35% of thecis‐chlordane remained. Relative total amounts of heptachlor andcis‐chlordane changed during the exposure and post‐exposure periods. Nearly all of the heptachlor was eliminated or metabolized to its epoxide.Cis‐chlordane, which averaged 4–7% of the total residues (chlordanes and heptachlors) in edible tissues during the exposure, increased to 18–23% of the total residues by the end of the postexposure period.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397609529424

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Many chemicals are not mutagenic per se, but when metabolized by mammalian tissues yield mutagenic products. Dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) is such a promutagen. It has no effect on cell growth or mutant frequency when Incubated alone with L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells, but exerts both mutagenic and toxic effects when incubated in a microsome reaction mixture.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397609529425

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The protein and essential amino acid content of the average American diet is reviewed; in the case of phenylalanine, average daily intake is 4.7 g, nearly five times greater than daily requirements, including those for tyrosine synthesis.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397609529426

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Sweetness for the prehistoric man was the taste sensation obtained from sweet berries and honey. Man's quest for other sweet things led to sucrose, starch‐derived sugars, and synthetic sweeteners. An unusual source of sweet taste is a West African berry known as miracle fruit (Synsepalum dulcificum). This fruit possesses a taste‐modifying substance that causes sour foods—e.g., lemons, limes, or grapefruit—to taste sweet. The active principle was found to be a glycoprotein. Until this time, only small molecules were considered sweet‐evoking substances, but now macromolecules are considered capable of participating in taste perception.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397609529427

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The dicarboxylic amino acids, asparate and glutamate, occupy unique positions in intermediary metabolism, particularly in the mitochondria, where they play important roles in nitrogen and energy metabolism.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397609529428

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The dipeptide ester L‐aspartyl‐L‐phenylalanine methyl ester (APM) has been found to have a remarkably clean, sucrose‐like taste with no off flavor and a potency 150–200 times sucrose. Subsequent work has shown that many α‐amides of L‐aspartic acid are sweet. Some results of stability studies and a taste panel evaluation of APM are reported.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397609529429

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397609529430

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397609529411

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1976

数据来源: Taylor