摘要:

Sixteen adult male squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) were randomly divided into three treatment groups and one control group. Each treatment group received 10 mg/kg oral doses of diphenylhydantoin and/or chloroquine. Following sacrifice, in vitro assays for activity of liver microsomal mixed‐function oxidases were run. The assays confirmed diphenylhydantoin as a potent inducer of mixed‐function oxidases. Chloroquine administration had little affect on the enzymes assayed and did not inhibit the diphenylhydantoin induction.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397709529517

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Methanol poisoning is well known to occur in humans but does not develop in common laboratory animals such as the rat. Rodents display neither metabolic acidosis nor ocular toxicity after methanol treatment, findings that commonly result in humans and that have recently been described in the monkey. Since methanol administration in the monkey leads to marked accumulation of formic acid and metabolic acidosis, experiments were devised to reduce formate metabolism in the rat and thereby study whether methanol administration would lead to the accumulation of formic acid and acidosis in that species. Several methods were employed to induce a state of folate deficiency in the rat, a prerequisite to producing a decrease in formate oxidation to CO2in that species. Rats placed on a folate‐deficient diet for 10–12 wk showed a marked decrease in formate oxidation and a marked sensitivity to methanol poisoning, as evidenced by high blood formate levels and marked decreases in blood pH. Treatment of rats with methotrexate was relatively ineffective in inducing decreases in formate oxidation, but in rats fed a folate‐deficient diet for 9 days and injected once daily for 9 days with 1 mg/kg methotrexate, a significant elevation of blood formate and decrease in blood pH was observed. In rats that were acidotic following methanol administration no accumulation of formaldehyde was observed. These results indicate that it is possible to sensitize the rat to methanol poisoning by reducing its capacity to oxidize formate. They also show that once the rat is susceptible to methanol poisoning, metabolic acidosis and formate accumulation occur without the accumulation of formaldehyde.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397709529518

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Rat dams were exposed to the artificial food color tartrazine (FD&C Yellow no. 5) at dietary levels of 0, 1, and 2% during gestation and lactation. The experimental offspring were continued on the same diets for approximately 3 months after weaning. No adverse physical or behavioral effects were noted in the dams. Fetal development and postnatal viability of the offspring were also normal. The only effect on postnatal development of the central nervous system (CNS) was a small transient change in neuromotor clinging ability of female offspring. The limited effect of tartrazine on the CNS was further evidenced by the facts that (1) the neurobehavioral profiles of the experimental weanlings revealed no significant abnormalities, and (2) morphochemical analysis of brain tissue, as well as brain weights, revealed no abnormalities. Tartrazine did appear to exert more general signs of toxicity in the off spring‐namely, depressed body weight, an apparent reduction in thymus weight, and a slight elevation of red blood cells and hemoglobin.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397709529519

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397709529520

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397709529521

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397709529496

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor