摘要:

Based on an extensive literature search, general principles of mercury toxicity are outlined with respect to human individuals and populations. For the metal itself, as well as for its most important inorganic and organic compounds, the review discusses behavior in the body, characteristic clinical pictures, assessment of threshold levels, and evaluation as potential environmental hazards. Particular emphasis is placed on those diagnostic signs and symptoms which furnish early warning signals, permitting detection and elimination of overexposures.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397709529452

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The effect of prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) on the postnatal development of male and female genital tract function was studied. The placental transfer of radiolabeled (3H or14C) DES was studied in pregnant mice. DES‐associated radioactivity in the fetal plasma approximated that in maternal plasma #fr1/2> hr after intravenous administration of [3H]DES;3H activity corresponding to DES in the fetal genital tract was about threefold higher. The decrease in reproductive capacity of female offspring from mice treated with DES during gestation was dose‐related; a low incidence (10% or less) of cancer of the vagina, cervix, and/or uterus was also observed in these mice. Male offspring exposed prenatally to the highest dose (100 μg/kg) of DES in this study also had lower reproductive capacities. Lesions in the genital tract of these mice included epididymal cysts, inflammation, cryptorchidism, and nodular masses in the seminal vesicles and/or prostate gland. Such lesions and sterility were not observed at the lower DES doses. Histological studies with neonatal mice raise the possibility that Müllerian duct tissue may represent a site for the transplacental toxicity of DES in both the male and female fetus.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397709529453

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC) and Pyroset TKP, which is the mixed acetate/phosphate of the same phosphonium base, are widely used in flame‐retardant cotton fabrics, particularly in children's sleepwear.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397709529454

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Male albino mice in groups of eight were each given single doses, either by gavage or by intraperitoneal injection, of either technical chlordane (50 or 100 mg/kg), HCS‐3260 (50 or 100 mg/kg), or heptachlor:heptachlor epoxide (25:75) (7.5 or 15 mg/kg). The males were subsequently mated with three untreated females for six consecutive weeks. No dominant lethal changes among females that had mated with the treated males were produced.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397709529455

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Crossbred weanling gilts were fed a standard ration containing 0, 1, 10, or 100 ppm purified hexachlorobenzene (HCB) for 13 wk. No mortalities, ill health, neurological disorders, or significant depressions in weight gain were observed. Postmortem examination revealed brightly fluorescent livers at all levels of HCB. The group receiving 100 ppm had a tendency for smaller spleens, larger livers with swollen hepatocytes, and decreased lymphocytes. HCB accumulated in the dissectable fat of growing swine to concentrations five‐ to sevenfold higher than the dietary concentration; residues in 11 other tissues examined were below the dietary concentration.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397709529456

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The somatic effects of caffeine were studied by using a rapidly proliferating insect developmental system. The results show that caffeine is a potent growth inhibitor of housefly larvae. Puparium formation is also severely affected, which suggests a caffeine effect on hormone‐controlled responses. Pupal mortality is marked when larvae are treated with higher concentrations of caffeine. The results indicate that caffeine may have several target sites of action; these are briefly discussed.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397709529457

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The increase in mouse serum interferon that occurs in response to poly I:C administration is markedly attenuated by injection of a narcotic preceding the polynucleotide challenge. A single injection of morphine is capable of inhibiting the mechanism(s) responsible for increasing serum interferon levels for a period of at least 9 days following the narcotic injection. Daily single injections of morphine for 5 or 10 days prior to poly I:C challenge do not amplify the extent of the decrease in serum interferon over that measured for a single injection, even though the amount of narcotic injected is increased on each successive day of the 5 or 10 day period. The implications of this relationship for the phenomenon of narcotic tolerance are evaluated and discussed as they relate to the Immune processes.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397709529458

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Fish liver’ postmitochondrial supernatant preparations in the presence of carbon monoxide were used to prepare purified aflatoxicol from aflatoxin B1in high yield (23–38%). Such fish liver postmitochondrial and postmicrosomal supernatant preparations were five to ten times more active in making aflatoxicol than rat or human liver preparations under the same conditions.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397709529459

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Normal lung architecture of the rat, mouse, hamster, horse, and human was compared to that of emphysematous lungs from the same species by utilizing a light microscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results obtained by SEM examination of normal and emphysematous lungs corresponded to those obtained with the light microscope. However, the SEM provided a view of alveoli and airway morphology not obtainable with the light microscope. Because of the variability in pore size and number of pores per alveolus, a pore‐to‐alveolus ratio was determined with the SEM on the normal lungs of the above species plus the rabbit, dog, guinea pig, and rhesus monkey. Depending on the extent of other pathways for collateral ventilation, differences in number of pores per alveolus may affect a species’ susceptibility to a given mechanism in the genesis of spontaneous or induced emphysema. The small number of pores per alveolus in the rat, mouse, rabbit, and hamster suggests that they would not be responsible for emphysematous changes. Pores do appear to be involved in human and horse emphysema.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397709529460

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The pharmacokinetic profile of sllvex was defined in rats after single intravenous doses of 5 and 50 mg/kg14Cring‐labeled silvex. Clearance of silvex from plasma at the 5 mg/kg dose was linear with a half‐life of 16.2 hr, while clearance at the 50 mg/kg dose was nonlinear. Activities of14Crecovered in excreta were 94.1 and 95.1% of the administered doses at 5 and 50 mg/kg, respectively. Excreta was collected for 192 hr at 5 mg/kg and 216 hr at 50 mg/kg. Urinary excretion of14Cactivity accounted for 80.5 and 68.7% of the administered dose at 5 and 50 mg/kg, respectively; fecal excretion accounted for 13.7 and 26.4% of the administered dose at 5 and 50 mg/kg, respectively. Urinary excretion of silvex is saturated at the 50 mg/kg dose. Significant amounts of silvex are excreted in bile and undergo enterohepatic circulation. Concentrations of silvex in liver and kidney are higher than those in fat, brain, and muscle 8 and 216 hr after administration. In a companion oral study, sllvex was extensively if not completely absorbed. The pharmacokinetic data presented Indicate that statistical projection of experimental results with large doses of silvex to predict the hazard of exposure to small amounts is not justified because the capability to excrete silvex in urine has been saturated.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397709529461

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor