摘要:

Certain polycyclic compounds with a coplanar ring structure (phenothiazines, thioxanthenes, 4‐aminoquinotines, and amitriptyline), monocyclic sympathomimetic amines, and other drugs become concentrated in the eyes of animals following acute or chronic systemic administration. Some are known to cross the placental barrier and accumulate in the fetal eye. Following drug withdrawal, these substances disappear relatively slowly from ocular tissues compared with other tissues.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397709529497

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Subcutaneous fat samples from 25 workers in a styrene polymerization plant have been analyzed for styrene, ethyl benzene, toluene, benzene, and benzaldehyde by gas chromatography. Styrene was found in samples from 13 of 17 workers who had been heavily exposed within the previous 3 days, 5 of 13 having been exposed 2–3 days earlier. Six workers 4–90 days removed from exposure and two 2–3 days removed from low (< 5 ppm) exposures had no detectable styrene in fat tissue samples. Toluene and ethyl benzene were found in varying amounts in many samples, and benzene was observed in three samples. Benzaldehyde was observed at levels of 5–53 μg/g in all samples. Although urinary metabolites and breath levels of styrene are reported to be detectable for less than 24 hr following exposure, styrene was found in subcutaneous fat from the subjects of this study for as long as 3 days after the most recent occupational exposure. The combination exposures in such a setting are reflected in the variety of hydrocarbons found in fat samples of workers.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397709529498

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Histologic study of the fetal offspring of maternal mice given 2,4,5‐trichlorophenoxy‐acetic acid (2,4,5‐T) suggested that the previously reported fetal “cystic kidneys” were due to a retardation in fetal renal development and downgrowth of the renal papilla into the pelvis. To determine a possible retardation in renal alkaline phosphatase or functional development, maternal mice received by gavage 60–120 mg/kg, 2,4,5‐T on days 6–14 of pregnancy. At necropsy on day 17, the fetal kidneys were excised and fixed 24 hr in cold 65% ethanol. Paraffin sections stained by Gomori's method revealed alkaline phosphatase mainly in tubules in the inner renal cortex. Fetal kidneys showing diminished or no alkaline phosphatase were designated subnormal. There was a statistically significant greater incidence of subnormal fetal kidneys in the 2,4,5‐T‐treated mice than in the untreated controls. In three experiments, some mice were also sacrificed on day 18, and the incidence of subnormal fetal kidneys was significantly lower than on day 17. This retardation in renal alkaline phosphatase development indicates a retardation in renal functional development and indirectly supports the view that 2,4,5‐T also retards the morphological development of the fetal kidney and is not a renal teratogen in mice. It also illustrates that selected histochemical studies may be helpful in a teratologic investigation.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397709529499

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The by‐product from vinyl chloride production, EDC‐tar, is a complex mixture of mainly short‐chained chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons. This mixture has been tested for mutagenicity by means of Ames’ Salmonella/mammalian microsome method.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397709529500

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Pregnant golden Syrian hamsters were given single or multiple intragastric doses of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9‐THC) dissolved in olive oil. Dose levels of 125, 250, or 500 mg/kg were administered by gavage once during gestational days 7–12 and of 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg daily on days 7–10, 9–12, or 7–12 in the two experimental series. Untreated and vehicle‐injected controls were used for each series. All fetuses were examined on day 15 of gestation. Larger doses of Δ9‐THC induced a high frequency of fetal mortality and growth retardation. Vehicle‐injected controls showed up to 3% fetuses with external anomalies and several Δ9‐THC treated samples had higher frequencies, ranging up to 7%, but a majority of the samples did not show any statistical difference between the Δ9‐THC treated and corresponding control groups. However, a single dose of 500 mg/kg Δ9‐THC given on day 10 and four daily doses of 100 mg/kg Δ9‐THC on days 7–10 produced significantly higher frequencies (p < 0.05) of external anomalies, 5.36% and 4.17%, respectively, than their corresponding controls. Most of the defects were relatively minor in severity. In general, hamsters appeared to be relatively resistant to the teratogenic effects of pure Δ9‐THC, in contrast to the previously reported high teratogenicity by crude cannabis extract in this species. It is likely that the latter effect was not due to the action of Δ9‐THC but may have been the result either of interaction of various cannabinoids or of impurities in the crude preparations. In view of the data presented, it can be concluded that Δ9‐THC did not induce a clear‐cut teratogenic response in hamsters, although a slightly higher frequency of minor defects was observed in the fetuses from Δ9‐THC treated dams than in the controls.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397709529501

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The diabetogenic activity of 5,5‐diphenyl‐2‐thiohydantoin (DPTH) via oral administration was assessed in both normal and streptozotocin diabetic rats. Rats were fed powdered chow diet with and without 0.1% (w/w) DPTH. Food consumption and body weight were recorded every other day; whole blood glucose concentrations were determined at the start of the study and at the midpoint. At sacrifice, liver and pancreas were excised and blood samples were collected. Protein and lipid levels were determined in liver; insulin in pancreas; and glucose, insulin, and lipid in blood. DPTH treatment caused decreased food consumption and body weight gain. The drug dose, calculated from the food consumption data, was 76.5 mg/kg/day for the normal rats and 107 mg/kg/day for the diabetic rats. DPTH increased liver weight and liver lipid content in both normal and diabetic rats, and markedly lowered serum triglyceride concentration in normal rats but not in diabetic rats. Serum fatty acid concentration was not altered by DPTH. DPTH produced a significant elevation of blood glucose concentration of the diabetic rats that was not, however, correlated with altered pancreatic insulin concentration. In vitro, DPTH infusion inhibited insulin secretion by the perfused pancreas.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397709529502

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The effect of pesticides on cell growth and on the cell layer was examined. The pesticides under study had a similar toxicity for the cell suspension and for the cell layer.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397709529503

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Ethylenebisisothiocyanate sulfide (EBIS) was administered in the diet to groups of rats at 0, 1, 10, 100, and 1,000 ppm for up to 90 days. The rats receiving EBIS at 1,000 ppm demonstrated a toxic response within 8–14 days, reflected as a reversible paralysis of the hind legs. If left on the 1,000 ppm diet, the animals soon died. When removed from the diet, the animals recovered, only to become atoxic on further dietary exposure at the high level. No histologic lesion could be identified in either H&E‐ or luxol fast blue‐stained sections of brain, spinal cord, or peripheral nerves from the paralyzed animals. The ability to reverse the paralysis by removing the animals from the test diet coupled with the lack of histologically observable lesions suggests a biochemical (reversible) rather than somatic lesion.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397709529504

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Halothane in tissues of the rat has been measured as a function of time after five successive 3 hr exposures to 670 ppm halothane. In epididymal and perirenal fat, halothane concentrations diminished rapidly from 310 ppm to 1–2 ppm in 24 hr, with trace amounts detectable 5 days later. Brain and liver levels were reduced from 16 and 9 ppm to less than 1 ppm within 3 hr. Blood halothane was reduced from 3 ppm to less than 0.5 ppm in the same time.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397709529505

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The chemistry, metabolism, toxicology, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity of maleic hydrazide have been reviewed. There is little doubt that this chemical is a mutagen and a carcinogen in cell cultures and animals, but no evidence is available on human carcinogenicity regardless of population exposure in manufacturing, agriculture, and the food chain (i.e., potato chips). An epidemiology survey should be conducted to ascertain possible human carcinogenicity in these populations. A long‐term ingestion experiment should be conducted in several animal species to establish whether maleic hydrazide is carcinogenic by this route. Biotransformation studies should be undertaken along with pharmacokinetic studies to obtain a better understanding of the chemical's metabolism and excretion. Such investigations would firmly establish whether the tolerance for maleic hydrazide should remain or whether the use of the compound should be banned under the Delaney Amendment.

ISSN:0098-4108    

DOI:10.1080/15287397709529506

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor