摘要:

Despite several studies of spatial and temporal variation in water temperature characteristics, few investigations of longer-term water temperature behaviour in Britain rivers have been undertaken. This paper reports the results from a 10-year study of river water temperatures at three monitoring stations on the River Exe, Devon, UK. Data concerning annual statistics, seasonal regime, diurnal variation, duration characteristics and accumulated temperature are analysed and reveal essentially stable water temperature behaviour over the decade 1974–1983. Contrasts between monitoring stations are also evident and reflect the effects of regional and more local controls as well as the influence of hydrological factors. In spite of these differences, water temperature behaviour is largely synchronous across this river system.

ISSN:0262-6667    

DOI:10.1080/02626668509491011

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The Kultsjön basin in northern Sweden has been the subject of detailed studies of the potential of airborne γ-ray spectrometry for snow mapping and hydrological forecasting since the spring of 1980. A brief introduction to the theory behind this technique is given. Results from five melt seasons are presented, and problems and uncertainties are discussed. A verification against ground “truth” based on snow courses, runoff measurements, and hydrological models is given. Finally it is shown how the data can be used for updating and improving more conventional forecasting models.

ISSN:0262-6667    

DOI:10.1080/02626668509491012

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Monthly and annual rainfall and runoff sequences from drainage basins in Zambia, central Africa, were subjected to stochastic analyses. The rainfall sequences tended to follow the normal probability distribution and the runoff sequences the lognormal probability distribution. The deterministic periodic component explained more than 60% of the variance in the log-transformed monthly runoff sequences. The stochastic component behaved as a random process in the monthly rainfall sequences and as an autoregressive moving average (ARMA (1,1) or ARMA (1,0)) process in the monthly runoff sequences. The annual rainfall sequences resembled a random process and the annual runoff sequences a Markov or first order autoregressive process (AR (1)). First order linear discrete dynamic models represented the interaction between rainfall and runoff processes on both monthly and annual bases. The runoff models performed satisfactorily for one-step-ahead forecasting.

ISSN:0262-6667    

DOI:10.1080/02626668509491014

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A modification of radar tracking of float-drogues used in examination of slow-moving water currents in lakes is described. Up to 10 units are tracked and the direct plotting of float positions on acetate overlays, arranged above a radar display unit, permits an immediacy of visual assessment of water movements. Subsequent corrections for wind drifts yield true flow velocities. The method provides a reproducible and reliable Lagrangian technique for monitoring surface and subsurface current patterns. Examples of its application in a Scottish fresh-water loch are presented.

ISSN:0262-6667    

DOI:10.1080/02626668509491015

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0262-6667    

DOI:10.1080/02626668509491016

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0262-6667    

DOI:10.1080/02626668509491017

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0262-6667    

DOI:10.1080/02626668509491018

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0262-6667    

DOI:10.1080/02626668509491019

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0262-6667    

DOI:10.1080/02626668509491020

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0262-6667    

DOI:10.1080/02626668509491021

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor