ISSN:1064-7481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The frontal lobe dementias (FLDs) are a group of disorders that have received considerable attention recently. Diagnosis is based on the presence of behavioral and cognitive disturbances associated pathologically with focal neuronal loss and gliosis without any inclusion bodies. Reports describing FLD differ regarding its clinical features, cognitive disturbances, and neurophysiological and neuropathological characteristics. The authors review the existing literature on FLD and emphasize the similarities and differences between reports. The heterogeneity of this condition as currently described is addressed, and arguments supporting the concept of FLD as a syndrome more appropriately called frontotemporal dementia are discussed. The authors present the development of a more rigid clinical definition of this syndrome using well-defined criteria as the first step toward understanding better this group of disorders.

ISSN:1064-7481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The authors conducted a systematic review of research on religion in three major gerontology journals and found that from 1985 to 1991, 78 of 2,127 (3.6%) quantitative studies included a religious variable. In most cases (71%), measures consisted only of a single question, usually on religious denomination. Only 18% of the studies with a religious variable cited previously published religious research. There was a greater proportion of studies with a religious variable in the gerontology literature than in the psychiatry literature (χ2= 5.01, df=1,P= 0.025). Publications in gerontology were also significantly more likely than psychiatry to use a multidimensional measure.

ISSN:1064-7481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The authors report the results of repeated cognitive function tests administered over 10 months to 82 patients between the ages of 55 and 82 who underwent elective surgery. The Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) score, 10 months after surgery, was modeled by a multivariate linear regression that included the baseline demographics, baseline cognitive functions, and immediate postoperative MMSE scores. Immediate postoperative MMSE scores were highly significant to 10-month postoperative MMSE scores not explained by baseline variables. The results suggest that immediate postoperative cognitive change may predict later postoperative cognitive decline.

ISSN:1064-7481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The authors distinguish demographic and clinical characteristics of elderly suicide attempters admitted to an inpatient psychiatric unit within 4 weeks of a suicide attempt. Of 560 patients admitted, 28 (5%) were recent attempters, 32 (6%) had a past history of suicide attempt, and 500 (89%) were nonattempters. Of the 28 recent attempters, 21 (75%) were diagnosed with a mood disorder, 4 (14%) with an organic mental disorder, and 3(11%) with other mental disorders. Among the nonattempters, the distribution among the three diagnostic categories was 188 (38%), 251 (50%), and 61 (12%), respectively. Of 166patients with a diagnosis of major depression, 18 (11%) were recent attempters, 14 (8%) were past attempters, and 134 (71%) were nonattempters. Recent attempts were significantly associated with alcohol abuse. This study confirms earlier reports of high rates of major depression in elderly attempters.

ISSN:1064-7481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The authors examined 115 patients totaling 127 admissions to an acute care geriatric psychiatry inpatient unit using the Barnes Akathisia Scale. Subjective complaints of akathisia were associated with a diagnosis of major depression and correlated with Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression scores but were not associated with current neuroleptic treatment. Objective evidence of akathisia was strongly associated with current neuroleptic use. Patients from 45 admissions were receiving neuroleptics at the time of assessment. By using the presence of objective akathisia to define the syndrome, the authors identified 8 patients from these 45 (17.8%) as having neuroleptic-induced akathisia (NIA). The presence of NIA was associated with a lower rate of antiparkinsonian agent use. NIA contributed to the presenting complaints on admission in 7patients, comprising 5.5% of all 127 admissions.

ISSN:1064-7481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

One hundred ninety-four patients undergoing comprehensive geriatric assessment completed the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and their collateral source (CS) completed a CS version of the GDS (CS-GDS). The results were compared with the blind, prospective diagnoses made by geriatric psychiatrists. The CSs reported the presence of 28 of 30 symptoms significantly more often than the patients. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed good agreement among the clinical diagnoses and both the patient-completed GDS and the CS-completed CS-GDS. At cutoff scores used in prior studies of the GDS, the CS-GDS had limited specificity and poor positive predictive value.

ISSN:1064-7481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The authors examine the relations between insomnia and depression using the Beck Depression Inventory and between insomnia and anxiety using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Neuroticism Extroversion Openness-Personality Inventory (NEO) in a sample of 27 community-dwelling older patients with insomnia (mean age = 70.1 years). Sleep parameters were measured using both subjective (daily sleep logs) and objective (wrist actigraph) methods. Results varied according to the method used to measure sleep: with sleep logs, longer wake after sleep onset was related to both greater depression and anxiety (NEO), and longer time in bed was related to greater anxiety (NEO); with the actigraph, longer total sleep time was related to both greater depression and anxiety, and shorter sleep onset was related to greater depression.

ISSN:1064-7481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The authors interviewed the families of 420 nursing home admissions to examine the relationship between patients' need for nursing and mental health services and their use of these services prior to nursing home placement. Although the majority of demented and nondemented patients needed help with activities of daily living, and many needed help with behavioral disorders, fewer than one-third of the families of these patients used community nursing and mental health services for these problems. Increased awareness of the potential value of and improved access to these services may postpone or prevent nursing home placement.

ISSN:1064-7481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The authors studied physical comorbidity and the number of medications prescribed in all psychiatric outpatients over age 60 seen at Loma Linda VA Medical Center over a 1-year period. Psychiatric diagnoses were based on DSM-III-R. The authors used a chart review and computerized profiles of data on 90 patients (86% male) with a mean age of 67. Patients with schizophrenia had the fewest physical illnesses; patients with depression had the most; and patients with bipolar and anxiety disorders were intermediate. The number of nonpsychotropic medications followed the same trend. Frequency of cancer and mean duration of hypertension and cardiac illness were greater in patients with depression than in those with schizophrenia.

ISSN:1064-7481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID