ISSN:1064-7481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1064-7481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1064-7481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The frequency of the manifestation of delusions and hallucinations (d/h) among participants of adult day care centers was examined, as was the relationship of d/h to demographic and medical variables, agitation, depressed affect, and dementia. Changes in d/h were also assessed over a 1-year period, and those changes were compared with changes in agitation, depressed affect, and dementia. Depressed affect and agitation were related both to delusions and to hallucinations. Dementia was also related to d/h, although a substantial percentage of individuals who were not diagnosed with dementia also experienced some type of d/h. Finally, delusions were more prevalent and generally tended to relate more strongly to agitation, depressed affect, and dementia than did hallucinations.

ISSN:1064-7481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The authors described retrospectively the premorbid self-destructive behaviors of suicide victims to determine whether these behaviors differ with age. One hundred forty-one suicide victims, age 21–92 years, were studied by psychological autopsy. Older age was significantly associated with more determined and planful self-destructive acts, less violent methods, and fewer warnings of suicidal intent. Age differences in the behaviors leading to suicide indicate that intervention in the midst of a suicidal crisis may be less effective in elderly persons than in younger people. Primary prevention should be the focus of efforts to decrease suicide rates in late life.

ISSN:1064-7481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Fifteen patients with dementia and agitated behavior were treated in a 9-week structured trial of risperidone. Agitation remitted in all patients, and aggressive behaviors improved early in the course of treatment. The modal optimal risperidone dose was 0.5 mg/day. Extrapyramidal symptoms developed at some point during the trial in eight patients, and cognitive skills declined in three patients. These results indicate that risperidone is effective for treatment of agitation in elderly patients with dementia, although adverse extra-pyramidal or cognitive effects may occur, even with low doses.

ISSN:1064-7481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Two psychiatrists simultaneously administered the Personality Assessment Form (PAF) to 20 depressed geropsychiatric inpatients and to 20 of their relatives (informants). A social worker also completed PAF ratings, and a consensus conference independently assigned an Axis II diagnosis. For patient interviews, categorical and dimensional interrater reliability indices for cluster and total personality disorders (PDs) were generally marginal. For informant interviews, categorical interrater reliability indices for cluster and total PDs were also marginal, but dimensional reliability was high. Consistent with previous research, agreement between categorical scores yielded by the four assessment methods was poor, but agreement between dimensional scores was generally better. It appears that patients, family members, and staff maintain different perspectives on patients' personality that, if overlapping, may provide useful diagnostic data.

ISSN:1064-7481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

As a follow-up to an earlier study showing short-term benefit in inpatients with more severe dementia, the authors studied the short-term cognitive, functional, and behavioral effects of selegiline in outpatients with mild-to-moderate dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) by means of a double-blind, randomized, crossover study of placebo vs. selegiline. Fifty outpatients with mild-to-moderate DAT and no behavioral disturbances were given selegiline in two 8-week treatment periods separated by a 4-week washout. Outcome was assessed with standardized measures of dementia severity, daily functioning, behavior, and cognition. There was no drug-placebo difference in any outcome measure. Selegiline did not show short-term benefit in this study, contrary to the earlier study, perhaps because the patients were studied less intensively and/or lacked behavioral problems that could show response, although the medication was well tolerated.

ISSN:1064-7481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The authors sought to determine the relationships between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of three neurotransmitter monoamine metabolites and cognitive function. CSF was collected from subjects with dementia of the Alzheiner's type ([DAT] n = 28) and control subjects (n = 10) for determination of CSF 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol (MHPG), and homovanillic acid (HVA) levels. All subjects underwent systematic assessment to determine cognitive function. Subjects with DAT had higher concentrations of CSF MHPG. In the overall sample, cognitive function was inversely correlated with CSF levels of MHPG but not with 5-HIAA or HVA. Within the DAT sample, these correlations did not achieve significance.

ISSN:1064-7481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The authors compared 218 black and 68 white nursing home patients with dementia for differences in the prevalence, recognition, and treatment of depression. There were no racial differences in depressive symptoms, but whites were significantly more likely to receive a diagnosis of “possible depression” and there were few racial differences in clinical, social, or demographic factors associated with depression. Depression was often unrecognized and undertreated in both racial groups; several depression instruments developed for use in dementia had good reliability and validity among blacks; and there were no significant differences in depressive symptoms or diagnosis between U.S.-born and Caribbean-born black patients. The absence of any appreciable interracial or intraracial differences in depression symptoms or diagnoses may reflect uniformity in nursing home selection criteria or lessening of mood differences that may have existed before admission.

ISSN:1064-7481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID