ISSN:1064-7481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Operating characteristics of seven screens for dementia were compared across various groups for 795 persons who had received a criterion diagnostic evaluation. Area under the curve (AUC), based on receiver operating characteristics, was compared between and within scales as an indication of their efficiency. Differences in AUC were only 5% across all the scales for the entire sample, but increased to 11% across sociocultural groups and scales and to 20% across education groups and scales. Two scales (the Mini-Mental State Exam and the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire) misclassified most nondementias for the entire sample, and all scales misclassified most nondementias among persons with less than 5 years of education. Findings could support a recommendation that certain shorter scales be used because they perform as well as longer ones, are more consistent across cultural and educational groups, and can be more easily modified to improve performance in culturally diverse populations.

ISSN:1064-7481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The authors investigated the occurrence of anxiety symptomatology in a clinical sample of geriatric depressed patients and examined the effect of age and cognitive impairment on the experience of anxiety symptoms. Subjects were psychiatric patients consecutively admitted to a longitudinal study of geriatric depression. Severity of depression, antidepressant treatment, cognitive impairment, medical illness, social support, and physical environment were systematically assessed at entry and approximately every 6 months afterwards. Symptoms of anxiety and phobic anxiety were similar in older (n = 52) and younger (n = 15) subjects, although older subjects had significantly lower scores of subjectively experienced depression, interpersonal sensitivity, anger, hostility, and psychoticism. Older depressed patients with cognitive impairment corresponding to mild or moderate dementia had less anxiety than geriatric depressed patients without dementia. Findings of this study suggest the absence of an age effect on the expression of anxiety during depressive states. Although there is no age effect on anxiety, mild-to-moderate dementia appears to be associated with lower anxiety.

ISSN:1064-7481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Patients age 60 years and older (N = 3,767) were screened for depression using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). A random sample of patients scoring ≤ 16 on the CES-D (n = 44) and of patients scoring < 16 (n = 81) were recruited to complete a structured psychiatric interview. The estimated prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD), using a clinically derived diagnosis with the “etiological” method, was 1.78%. When a computer-generated algorithm for MDD using the “inclusive” method for counting somatic symptoms was applied, the estimated prevalence for MDD rose to 5.84%. All subjects with MDD diagnosed by any method had significantly higher scores on the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP), compared with nondepressed subjects.

ISSN:1064-7481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The authors used positron emission tomography to measure cerebral glucose metabolism in 43 people with age-associated memory impairment to determine relationships between memory self-appraisal and brain function. People with lower frontal metabolism during a resting state reported more frequent prior mnemonics usage, a measure of memory self-appraisal. A multiple regression analysis indicated that reported mnemonics usage was the most significant predictor of left (P = 0.0004) and right (P = 0.0014) frontal metabolism. These models indicated that mnemonics usage, along with depression ratings, accounted for 39% of left frontal lobe function and, along with visual spatial memory, accounted for 40% of right frontal metabolism. These results suggest that mnemonics usage may compensate for subtle frontal dysfunction or reflect greater efficiency of memory processing.

ISSN:1064-7481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In a random population sample of 1,040 elderly persons participating in a community survey, subjects were screened for depressive symptoms using a modified Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale. About 10% reported five or more possible symptoms of depression present during 3 or more days of the previous week. Approximately 1% of the sample had a sufficient number of symptoms for a diagnosis of major depression, although severity, disability, and 2-week duration were not assessed. More depressive symptoms were found to be independently associated with the following: age, widowhood, and less education; general health and appetite self-rated as fair-to-poor; and a greater number of sleep problems, social support problems, and stressful life events in the previous year. Further, subjects with more depressive symptoms were significantly more likely to have been recently hospitalized and to have used home health and social services. These findings have implications for the public health importance of depressive symptomatology, even when subsyndromal, in older groups.

ISSN:1064-7481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To investigate the significance of subsyndromal depressive states in geriatric patients, the authors used data from ongoing studies of depression in older patients in residential care to evaluate the clinical correlates of dysphoria. They find that dysphoria is, in general, a persistent state associated with increased medical illness, pain, self-care deficits, and mortality relative to euthymic subjects; thus it is clinically significant. Differences between dysphoria and major depression in the extent of associated disability and mortality, but not in measures of medical illness, pain, or persistence, remain significant after controlling for self-ratings of depression from the Geriatric Depression Scale. This finding suggests that dimensional assessments can account for some of the correlates of depression, but that categorical diagnoses are required for others.

ISSN:1064-7481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The authors assessed the severity of nortriptyline side effects in older patients with major depression during 12 months of double-blind therapy. Data were from 40 patients completing 1 year of maintenance therapy: 26 were on nortriptyline and 14 were on placebo. The authors detected significant time-by-treatment interactions for various side effects (all greater in treated patients), but not for overall side effects score. Clinically, these differences were judged to be minor and correctable. On the other hand, total side effect scores, physical tiredness, and subjective sleep disturbance covaried significantly with Hamilton Depression scores regardless of treatment assignment. Somatic worry, tiredness, and sleep complaints appeared to reflect residual depression rather than treatment assignment.

ISSN:1064-7481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1064-7481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1064-7481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID