ISSN:1064-7481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The diagnosis of mania in the geriatric population is uncommon. However, it comprises significant healthcare utilization and cost requirements, which are expected to increase in the near future with the projected increase in the geriatric population. The authors review literature pertaining to geriatric mania and discuss epidemiology, psychopathology, neuropathology, differential diagnosis, evaluation, treatment, and outcomes. Literature searches were performed by GratefulMed for the years 1960–1997, with secondary- and tertiary-source follow-up. It is clear from this review that geriatric mania is a complex illness with many possible etiologies and treatments. Much more research needs to be conducted in all of the areas reviewed.

ISSN:1064-7481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Later-life suicide is a tragedy that occurs worldwide. Often it is preventable. Here, the authors summarize an international workshop where they review four research approaches to studying putative risk factors: epidemiologic studies of suicidal behaviors, clinic-based follow-up studies, studies of suicide attempters, and psychological autopsy studies. They provide brief descriptions of the approaches, examples of questions best addressed by each approach, and their weaknesses and limitations; they also recommend promising areas for future research and propose opportunities for research that could be conducted cross-nationally.

ISSN:1064-7481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1064-7481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The authors investigated differences in functional ability among three groups of subjects who were not diagnosed with dementia: normal control (NC) subjects (n=35); Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDRS) score of 0 (minimal impairment; n=26); and CDRS 0. 5 (questionable dementia; n=42). CDRS 0 and 0. 5 patients reported significantly poorer functioning than NCs in household and other activities, but CDRS 0 and CDRS 0. 5 groups did not differ in self-reported functioning. It is likely that CDRS 0. 5 patients overestimated their functional abilities. Correlations between self- and informant reports of functional status were significantly lower in the CDRS 0. 5 group than in the CDRS 0 group, an important finding for clinical management because patients with questionable dementia may actually be more impaired than they admit. Informants' reports or standardized performance-based assessment should be considered in the clinical evaluation of such patients.

ISSN:1064-7481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Using data from a larger 12-week clinical trial, the authors evaluated the comparative efficacy and safety of sertraline (n=42) and fluoxetine (n=33) in patients over age 70 with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder. Similar improvement on measures of depression, including remission of depressive symptoms, was evident, although significantly more sertraline-treated patients achieved a criterion clinical response. Significantly greater improvement for the sertraline group was apparent on the Digit Symbol Substitution Test, but not on two other measures of cognitive functioning. Although there was no difference in the rate of adverse events experienced, fluoxetine-treated patients lost significantly more body weight over the 12-week trial than did sertraline-treated patients, whereas the latter group exhibited significantly more “shaking.”

ISSN:1064-7481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The authors outline the clinical management methods used in a long-term study of depressed elderly patients and comment on the positive aspects of such interventions on the successful recruitment and retention of subjects. Psychosocial or clinical management (CM) is the “glue” that holds a successful drug trial together. CM is recognized to be an essential element for success in drug trials for geriatric depression. The authors also discuss potentially negative aspects of comprehensive CM, such as those obscuring a psychotherapeutic effect in comparative studies.

ISSN:1064-7481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The authors examined automated pharmacy and visit data for 502 members of a large-staff model health maintenance organization (HMO) who had been diagnosed with depression and started on antidepressants by their primary-care providers. Older patients (age ≥60; n=110) were less likely than younger adults (age 18–59, n=110) to receive adequate doses of antidepressant medications for 30 or 90 days. Older adults were also less likely than younger adults to receive more than two primary-care visits for depression in the 12 weeks after receiving a new antidepressant prescription and were less likely to receive specialty mental health care in the 6 months after receiving a new antidepressant prescription.

ISSN:1064-7481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Using 141 patients with a single left- or right-hemisphere stroke, the authors investigated the distinction between major and minor depression after stroke. Major- and minor-depression patients and nondepressed control patients were compared, and a logistic-regression model suggested that major and minor depressions may be cross-sectionally distinguishable disorders. Minor depression was associated with younger age, left-hemisphere lesion location, and more caudal hemisphere lesions. There was an association between minor depression and pathoanatomical variables, with results generally consistent with the categorical vs. the continuum hypothesis of mood disorders in stroke victims. Authors discuss the significance of damage in left-hemisphere posterior portions of the brain for the development of minor depression after stroke.

ISSN:1064-7481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The authors examined whether cerebrovascular risk factors (CVRFs) are associated with depressive diagnoses and symptoms in 303 primary-care patients age ≥60 years, as would be consistent with a small-vessel brain disease model of later-life depression. CVRFs were not significantly independently associated with major, minor, or subsyndromal depression, late-onset major depression, or overall depressive symptom severity. These data did not support the notion that a small-vessel brain disease model of depression might apply to the majority of older persons with depressive symptoms and syndromes in primary-care settings. Future work should include longitudinal study with larger sample sizes.

ISSN:1064-7481    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID