摘要:

Advances in antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected pregnant women have improved maternal health and successfully reduced perinatal transmission from 25% to less than 5%. Maternal treatment is individualized and based on physical and laboratory evaluations. Three categories of drugs are currently approved for use in HIV disease including: (1) nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors; (2) non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; and (3) protease inhibitors. Treatment decisions during pregnancy are complex and require consideration of the physiologic changes of pregnancy, drug interactions, possible maternal and fetal side effects, and psychosocial issues that influence adherence to the chosen therapy.

ISSN:0893-2190    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Health care providers and pregnant women share a concern for protecting the fetus from unnecessary and potentially teratogenic influences. Since the introduction of steroids for the induction of fetal surfactant production, there has been considerable experience in the use of corticosteroids during pregnancy. While the use of corticosteroids for surfactant induction in the preterm fetus has become commonplace, steroids are used for other obstetric and medical indications during pregnancy. Thus, finding a balance between drug benefits and possible side effects remains a critical issue.

ISSN:0893-2190    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Prior to the discovery of insulin, the combination of diabetes and pregnancy was considered potentially lethal. Advances in the care of diabetes, combined with advances in antepartum fetal testing, have reduced maternal and perinatal mortality outcomes to levels expected in nondiabetic pregnancies. As new oral antidiabetes medications are introduced, the safety and efficacy of using them during pregnancy are under investigation. This article describes the oral medications currently available to treat diabetes, reviews the body of research available on these agents, and discusses current recommendations and controversies.

ISSN:0893-2190    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The use of both vancomycin and gentamicin in the treatment of suspected or documented neonatal infections, while routine, is a challenge for bedside and advanced practice nurses caring for neonates in intensive care units. A review of the background information surrounding neonatal infections as well as the history, intended use, and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of vancomycin and gentamicin is presented with the goal of aiding in proper treatment with these two medications. Specific attention is given to doses in special situations, means of drug monitoring, strategies for avoiding antibiotic resistance, alternative medication choices, and areas for future investigation.

ISSN:0893-2190    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Medication errors are a concern in all areas of health care, including neonatal units. In order to reduce errors and move toward safer practice, it is essential for clinicians to focus less on assigning blame to individuals and more on how these problems occurred. Only then will we fully understand the contributing factors and comprehensively address the reduction of medication errors. This article examines historical perspectives, contributing factors, and strategies for developing safer practice in neonatal care.

ISSN:0893-2190    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0893-2190    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID