摘要:

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a major cause of perinatal infectious morbidity and mortality in the United States. An estimated 50,000 women and 7,600 neonates experience GBS disease, and as many as 310 infants die each year. In 1992, the American Academy of Pediatrics published recommendations for identification and treatment of pregnant women colonized with GBS. In 1996, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists developed more comprehensive guidelines. The article describes the central role of perinatal nurses in the identification of pregnant women colonized with GBS, patient education about GBS disease, and successful implementation of intrapartum GBS prophylaxis.

ISSN:0893-2190    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Varicella occurring in pregnancy can be dangerous for the fetus, the mother, and the newborn. The fetus may experience multiple system damage. The mother and newborn are at increased risk for varicella pneumonia with a 9% and 20% fatality rate, respectively. The recent introduction of the varicella vaccine will affect the occurrence of gestational infection. Toxoplasmosis is rarely dangerous for the pregnant woman, yet the fetus and newborn may be at risk for chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications, and convulsions. The greatest challenge in the management of toxoplasmosis in pregnancy is diagnosis of the asymptomatic newborn before damage occurs. Strategies to prevent toxoplasmosis should be taught to every pregnant woman as part of routine prenatal care.

ISSN:0893-2190    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Human parvovirus B19 and cytomegalovirus (CMV) are two common viruses that can have significant and devastating effects on a fetus. Maternal infection may lead to vertical transmission of the virus to the fetus. Parvovirus infection in the fetus may cause miscarriage, nonimmune hydrops, or demise. Fetal CMV infection can cause a number of problems, including nonimmune hydrops and neurosensory disabilities. Nurses who are knowledgeable about possible viral effects during pregnancy can collaborate in the management of these patients, particularly in the areas of patient assessment, education, and support.

ISSN:0893-2190    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Hepatitis B (HBV) infection is readily transmitted from infected mothers to their infants at birth. An estimated 22,000 HBV carriers give birth in the United States annually. HBV infection is more than 95% preventable if exposed infants receive hepatitis B immune globulin and HBV vaccine at birth. Current guidelines recommend testing of all pregnant women for hepatitis B surface antigen to detect infection and ensure prophylaxis of infants. The risk of perinatal transmission of hepatitis C (HCV) infection appears to be small, except in women coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus or with high viral titers. Currently, there is no licensed vaccine against HCV, although several are in development. Postexposure treatment with immunoglobulin is of no proven benefit in preventing HCV infection.

ISSN:0893-2190    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The article describes the experience with percutaneous central venous catheters in 565 neonates with birth weights of 400 to 6810 g. The catheter-related sepsis incidence was 19.1%, or 13.5 infections per 1000 catheter days. By discriminant function analysis, 86% of all neonates studied were correctly classified into the confirmed sepsis and no sepsis groups on the basis of six predictor variables. The model did not accurately predict the neonates who would develop confirmed sepsis. The weight at catheter insertion and length of time for which the catheter was in place were identified as variables that contributed significantly to differentiation between sepsis and no sepsis groups.

ISSN:0893-2190    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a potent pathogen causing annual epidemics of serious illness in young infants. Controversy over interventions has evolved given conflicting research results concerning the disease process and the variety of treatment options. Investigations over the last two decades have provided more insight into the complexity of this sometimes deadly infection and better understanding of the reasons why treatment is so elusive. Currently, RSV infection cannot be prevented, and there is no definitive cure. The article discusses the pathophysiology of RSV and provides a description of the available treatment approaches currently in use and those under development.

ISSN:0893-2190    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0893-2190    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID