ISSN:0893-2190    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Health care providers including nurses and childbirth educators are crucial resources for childbearing families for accurate and current information regarding nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic interventions available for pain management in labor. All medications that are administered to laboring women have maternal and fetal effects. In order to assist women in the decision for relief of labor discomforts, health care professionals must be knowledgeable of the chemical actions and adverse effects of all medications offered to women in labor. This article discusses various types of therapeutic options used for pain management for the relief of labor discomfort.

ISSN:0893-2190    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0893-2190    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Women are better educated today on issues related to labor and childbirth. Pain management options for the woman in labor have changed dramatically over the last decade. Systemic analgesia and dense-motor-blockade regional analgesia/anesthesia have become less common for childbirth while the use of newer neuraxial and regional techniques, with minimal motor blockade, have become more popular. The shift from regional anesthesia with significant motor-blockade during labor, where the woman is a passive participant during the labor and birth, to a collaborative approach for pain management, where the woman becomes an active participant, has resulted in a new philosophy of analgesia for labor and birth. This article provides a review of current neuraxial analgesia/anesthesia techniques used for pain management in labor and birth and their implications for the perinatal nurse.

ISSN:0893-2190    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are common fetal malformations. They are multifactorial in origin, with folic acid as the primary known environmental factor. It is recommended that all women consume 0.4 mg of synthetic folic acid daily if there is any possibility of becoming pregnant. Women who have had a previous pregnancy affected by NTD should increase their folic acid intake to 4.0 mg daily periconceptually. The purpose of this article is to review the relationship between folic acid and NTDs. It also discusses how the knowledge and use of folic acid has affected the incidence of NTDs, and ways in which the knowledge and use of folic acid before pregnancy can be increased.

ISSN:0893-2190    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A protocol of environmental noise reduction was developed and tested over a 14-month period in a 70-bed tertiary care neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Evidence-based research and a detailed sound assessment guided the development of the protocol. Modifications of caregiving activities and categorized changes in the physical environment were specific to the NICU tested; however, guidelines for adapting the protocol to other NICUs are explained as well as methods for implementation to promote staff awareness and cooperation are reviewed.

ISSN:0893-2190    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0893-2190    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study compared how nurses perceived their assessment of infant pain and how the pain was actually assessed in an intensive care unit. A descriptive design was used to collect data about nurses' beliefs and documentation practices related to pain assessment in infants. An anonymous subset of the unit nurses (n= 24) responded to a questionnaire regarding infant pain assessment. Pain assessment documentation of the unit nurses was examined in a retrospective chart review (n= 107). Results showed an inconsistency between what nurses believe about infant pain assessment and the documentation practice in the unit. According to the questionnaire, the nurses believed that pain assessment was important to providing effective pain relief and that nurses are capable of assessing infant pain. However, it was not evident in the documentation that nurses used pain tools or other means to document their evaluations of infant pain or the infant's response to pain medication interventions. Conclusion: Greater consistency of nurses in documenting pain assessment, thereby improving care provider communication of an infant's pain experience, is needed to improve the standard of care in managing infant pain.

ISSN:0893-2190    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The heel stick procedure is the most common painful procedure performed in preterm and full-term neonates. Various nonpharmacologic interventions have been used for pain relief. However, the magnitude of the effect of different interventions has received little attention. In this study, 4 eligible studies conducted in Thailand, focusing on the effects of interventions on pain responses to heel stick procedure in neonates, were obtained for analysis. Swaddling in full-term newborns was found to have the largest mean effect size (dmn= 0.79). However, the moderate-to-large effect sizes (dmn= 0.5–0.75) of positioning in preterm newborns tended to exist throughout the poststick period while the effect sizes of other interventions decreased over time. The effect sizes of these interventions for physiological responses varied.

ISSN:0893-2190    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID