摘要:

AbstractThere is general agreement among economists and others that one of the most powerful forces influencing the American economy is technological change‐the advance in knowledge relative to the industrial arts [that] permits … new methods of production, new designs for existing products, and entirely new products and services (Mansfield 1968, p.

ISSN:0737-1292    

DOI:10.1002/aehe.3640130604

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractResearch is an essential component of the innovation process. Basic research may be the most important because it begins with seminal questions and a broad spectrum of possible explanations. To the extent that universities and technology‐oriented corporations find ways to interact more effectively on basic scientific research, the usefulness of basic research information will also increase. This conclusion does not mean diversion of university researchers by industry. Rather, it implies mutual recognition of the value of applicable ideas or the feedback which often comes from application of relevant basic ideas (National Commission on Research 1980, p. 25

ISSN:0737-1292    

DOI:10.1002/aehe.3640130605

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0737-1292    

DOI:10.1002/aehe.3640130606

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe complexity of the innovative process reflects the economic difference between the creation of scientific knowledge and the application of this knowledge to the advancement of economic welfare.… The intervening processes are often long, complex, and costly. Much of the cost and time are associated with the stages beyond the generation of the basic technology itself, specifically, with the production and marketing of new products made possible by new technology (National Academy of Sciences 1978, pp. 12‐

ISSN:0737-1292    

DOI:10.1002/aehe.3640130607

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractProperly understood, technology (and innovation) encompasses the organizational setting in which tools are deployed, the work roles of people involved in their use, and the perceptions of actors involved in adoption and implementation (Tornatzky et al. 1983, p. 14).

ISSN:0737-1292    

DOI:10.1002/aehe.3640130608

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTechnology is of the earth, earthy; it is susceptible to pressure from industry and government departments; it is under an obligation to deliver the goods…. The attitude of universities toward technology is still ambiguous; until the ambiguity is resolved the universities will not have adapted themselves to one of the major consequences of the scientific revolution (Ashby 1958, p. 66

ISSN:0737-1292    

DOI:10.1002/aehe.3640130609

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0737-1292    

DOI:10.1002/aehe.3640130610

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0737-1292    

DOI:10.1002/aehe.3640130603

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY