摘要:

AbstractClose-range optical measurement systems have undergone a transformation during recent years, generated primarily by demand from the aerospace and manufacturing industries. The current trends are toward more automation of the measurement process and real-time solutions providing threedimensional oordinates in a user-defined reference frame. Further, the precision and reliability of the acquired data are steadily improving, while the systems which produce the data are requiring less skill to operate. The traditional role of the surveyor in close-range three-dimensional measurement is therefore no longer seen as a necessity, especially in routine operations such as quality control for industrial applications. Inevitably such systems are seen by users as‘off the shelf’tools to produce the desired results for a particular application in the most appropriate and efficient way. Theodolite, photogrammetric and non-conventional systems which fall into the category are described and discussed, and their capabilities and range of applications are assessed. The widespread adoption of these systems will have a considerable impact on close-range industrial measurement, and an attempt is made to predict the implications for the future.

ISSN:0039-6265    

DOI:10.1179/sre.1991.31.242.188

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of lateral refraction on a zigzag traverse in part of the Marine Service Tunnel of the Channel Tunnel is examined. A theory is proposed as to why lateral refraction occurs in tunnels and how and why its effects vary.

ISSN:0039-6265    

DOI:10.1179/sre.1991.31.242.201

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractBy applying the Pierce's abduction criterion the principle of orthogonality will be considered as an expression of a more fundamental and general principle.This idea yields some important practical results, e.g. the investigation of the best satellite configuration producing the lowest PDOP is greatly facilitated.

ISSN:0039-6265    

DOI:10.1179/sre.1991.31.242.221

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractA formula is derived from the spherical Transverse Mercator equation suitable for the combined projection of the world coastline within a finite area using two different central meridians.

ISSN:0039-6265    

DOI:10.1179/sre.1991.31.242.226

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe method permits the precise determination of the azimuth of a target and the astronomical latitude of the observer, by observation to two unknown stars sufficiently symmetric with respect to the north direction and observed at different times.Compared with analogous methods employing only one unknown star, this method presents the advantage of reducing the time necessary for the observations, and provides a sufficient number of solution equations with a consequent improved accuracy of the results. Furthermore the proposed method does not require the dead-reckoning position of the observer, is independent of the time observation and does not require a knowledge of the ephemerids. Generally, no astronomical knowledge is required, except for the ability to observe stars.

ISSN:0039-6265    

DOI:10.1179/sre.1991.31.242.233

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0039-6265    

DOI:10.1179/sre.1991.31.242.238

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0039-6265    

DOI:10.1179/sre.1991.31.242.240

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0039-6265    

DOI:10.1179/sre.1991.31.242.242

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0039-6265    

DOI:10.1179/sre.1991.31.242.243

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0039-6265    

DOI:10.1179/sre.1991.31.242.244

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor