摘要:

AbstractThe work of surveyors in the Local Government sector of the profession is probably the least known of all the land surveying activities in the United Kingdom. This is not surprising since the qualified practitioners in this sector form only about five per cent of the total membership and the nature of their duties does not seem to project the glamorous image associated with other organisations which are required to practise the more sophisticated arts of the profession. It is thought that the Land Survey Division of the Greater London Council, although undoubtedly the largest of its kind in the United Kingdom, is nonetheless fairly typical of the other local authorities in the scope of its land surveying operations and it seems appropriate to take the opportunity provided to briefly sketch in the background against which these surveyors work up and down the country.

ISSN:0039-6265    

DOI:10.1179/sre.1972.21.166.338

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1972

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractIt may be required to determine the astronomical position of a place for surveyor other purposes. The commonly accepted methods for latitude make use of meridian or near meridian stars; ex-meridian methods are used for longitude and for azimuth. Since the formula for calculating azimuth is a function of latitude, it can be used to determine the latitude if the true azimuth is already known, and this could be described as an ex-meridian method for latitude.

ISSN:0039-6265    

DOI:10.1179/sre.1972.21.166.348

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1972

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe contribution of refraction to the total error in electromagnetic distance measurement has become more prominent as the instrumental errors have decreased. Research with a high precision instrument, the Geodolite, has shown that changes in the refractive index tend to be the same on all lines measured from the same station at the same time.Ratiosformed from these measurements are more precise than the measured lengths. Knowledge of the daily variation of temperature in the lower atmosphere explains why temperatures observed for calculating the refraction correction are in error and why the ratio should be more accurate.When ratios are adopted as the observed quantities, the shape of triangles and more complicated figures can be calculated from newly-derived formulae and the figures can be adjusted using the method of conditions (correlates). The number of conditions turns out to be the same as in the adjustment of figures using angles, and the types are analogous.This new approach to the utilization of distance measurement eliminates many of the disadvantages of trilateration as compared with triangulation, and should facilitate the use of distance measurement, with all its attendant advantages, in control surveys.

ISSN:0039-6265    

DOI:10.1179/sre.1972.21.166.355

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1972

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractWhen the Distomat first appeared in the U.K., in 1969, it was widely welcomed as a breakthrough in EDM equipment for general engineering and local mapping purposes. After two years use in the field, throughout the world, surveyors' reports tend to substantiate all the makers' claims. This article is a summary of several such reports.

ISSN:0039-6265    

DOI:10.1179/sre.1972.21.166.368

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1972

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractTo the uninitiated land surveyor, his only contribution to traffic engineering might be to place the stamp of authority on the measured distances of speed traps. If so, this symposium, held at the University of Leeds on March 27th–28th, 1972, would have shown him that the possibilities of applying photogrammetric techniques to this field were already well recognised.

ISSN:0039-6265    

DOI:10.1179/sre.1972.21.166.377

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1972

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis brief account is a personal but not I hope too subjective view of some of the events of the Third Land Surveyors Conference of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors. Those wishing for some meat should read the excellent papers delivered there and also the review written by J. R. Smith in the June 1972 issue of theChartered Surveyor.

ISSN:0039-6265    

DOI:10.1179/sre.1972.21.166.379

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1972

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractBecause the variety of small electronic calculators at present on the market is so great, a few introductory remarks may be of value.

ISSN:0039-6265    

DOI:10.1179/sre.1972.21.166.382

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1972

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractNew theodolites of British design and manufacture are a rarity and this new instrument represents a complete redesign of the old Watts Microptic No.1. The first impression of this instrument is pleasing and there is little doubt that an effort has been made to produce an attractive design. When handling the instrument for the first time it is obvious that thought has gone into the convenient location of clanlps and slow motion screws; unfortunately, corners have been cut in some minor features which make the instrument appear less durable than the earlier Watts theodolites.

ISSN:0039-6265    

DOI:10.1179/sre.1972.21.166.385

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1972

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0039-6265    

DOI:10.1179/sre.1972.21.166.386

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1972

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe author of the article“Error Ellipse”(Survey Review, Oct. 1971) is to be congratulated for reintroducing this topic which is becoming of every day interest to practising surveyors, who have access to a computer, and for whom the restrictions imposed by the tedium of unnecessary computation have been relaxed. A topic that was previously of academic interest is becoming commmonplace. The error ellipse is a clear visual device expressing the precision of adjusted quantities, in particular the precision of the points of a surveying network adjusted by the method of variation of coordinates. However, the data from which the error ellipses are constructed are more usually obtained as bi-products of the adjustment, rather than as speculated errors in observations, as the original article described. The purpose of this note is to augment the previous article to cater for this form of input.

ISSN:0039-6265    

DOI:10.1179/sre.1972.21.166.387

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1972

数据来源: Taylor