摘要:

Cytokines are key mediators of immunity and inflammation. These proteins or glycoproteins act as communication signals between different populations of leukocytes but neither their effects nor their production are restricted to immune cells. In the last few years many new cytokines and their effects have been discovered and it was agreed that when the amino acid sequence of a new cytokine was established it would be assigned the name interleukin (IL), with an added number. The detection of cytokines in disease states promises to provide useful information for diagnostic purposes. The therapeutic utility of cytokines has been explored in many clinical and preclinical studies and in a wide variety of infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases and neoplasias. Since the production of cytokines is modulated by several biological agents such as hormones, prostaglandins and drugs, these may also serve as therapeutic targets for immunomodulation.

ISSN:1010-4283    

DOI:10.1159/000217827

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In this report we describe the expression of p68, which is believed to be an important regulator of protein synthesis, in various tissues during normal human fetal development. Conventional, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections of normal organs from human fetuses ranging from 9 to 42 weeks of gestation were immunostained with the monoclonal antibody TJ4C4 utilizing a conventional avidin-biotin complex procedure. The expression of p68 could be detected in many cell types arising in most of the tissues examined within the time period of fetal development studied. p68 expression was most frequently seen, and most intensely expressed in respiratory epithelium, urothelium and ependyma. Expression in other tissues was more variable. These data show that there is regulated expression of p68 in a wide variety of tissues during normal fetal development which parallels the known expression of this protein in normal and neoplastic adult tissues.

ISSN:1010-4283    

DOI:10.1159/000217828

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The CA 195 levels in ovarian cyst fluids from malignant mucinous tumours (median 2,300,000 U/ml) were significantly higher than the levels in benign mucinous tumours and malignant non-mucinous tumours (medians of 26,800 and 1,700 U/ml, respectively, p = 0.039 and 0.011). Also, the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and tumour-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) levels in cyst fluid from mucinous tumours were much higher than those in non-mucinous tumours. Pre-treatment serum CA 195 levels were found to be elevated ( > 10.5 U/ml) in 72% of the patients with malignant mucinous tumours (n = 25), compared with 35% in malignant non-mucinous tumours and 28% in benign mucinous tumours. The positivity rate shown for serum CA 195 in malignant mucinous tumours was higher than that measured for serum TATI, CA 125 or CEA (60, 53 and 42%, respectively). Measurement of serum CA 195 can be valuable in the clinical management of patients with mucinous ovarian cancer.

ISSN:1010-4283    

DOI:10.1159/000217863

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Accumulating evidence based on alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) cell binding and uptake has shown the presence of a receptor for AFP on the surface of fetal and neoplastic cells. In order to further study this receptor, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) made against pooled human mammary tumor membrane extracts were screened for their ability to inhibit the binding of radiolabeled AFP to the Ichikawa and TA3/Ha malignant cell lines. IgM-producing clones 167H. 1 and 167H.4 were found to inhibit the binding of AFP to its receptor. Conversely, the MAb reaction was inhibited by an excess of AFP but not by serum albumin at an equal molar concentration. The possibility that these MAbs recognize AFP has been ruled out. In addition, we describe a method for the purification of the AFP receptor which yielded fractions reactive to both 167H.4 and AFP. The results obtained strongly suggest that 167H. 1 and 167H.4 are directed against the binding site for AFP on the AFP receptor. Using 167H.4 we found positive immunohistochemical staining in 6/6 human mammary tumor specimens whereas 3/3 benign mammary adenomas were negative. Immunostaining of fetal muscle with either 167H.4 or an anti-AFP antiserum yielded a similar staining pattern. The staining of live Ichikawa cells with 167H.4 showed a surface receptor distribution (capping) similar to the one described in previous reports using labeled AFP. The widespread expression of the AFP receptor observed previously is consistent with the results obtained using the MAbs described herein. The potential use of these MAbs for basic and clinical studies is discussed.

ISSN:1010-4283    

DOI:10.1159/000217864

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1010-4283    

DOI:10.1159/000217865

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1010-4283    

DOI:10.1159/000217866

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger