摘要:

In the past decade, considerable interest has arisen for defining the role of various tumor markers in the diagnosis of cancer. This cross-sectional study evaluates four breast cancer markers (CA 27-29, CA 15-3, MCA and CEA) and two gastrointestinal (GI) markers (CA 19-9 and CEA) in 213 patients. Receiver operating curves (ROC) revealed a sensitivity for the 90% specificity cutoff for breast cancers compared to breast benign diseases of 70% for CA 27-29, 67.5% for CA 15-3, 52.5% for MCA and 40% for CEA. When GI tumors were compared to benign GI disease, the sensitivity for 90% specificity was 40.3% for CEA and 32.3% for CA 19-9. Comparison of breast cancer and GI malignancies with other malignancies leads to a marked shift of the ROC curve to the right and loss of specificity. Late stage for all breast and GI tumor markers was found to be a predictor of high serum antigen level (p < 0.001). The presence of liver metastases in breast cancer was associated with abnormal levels of CA 27-29 (p = 0.028). Pancreas adenocarcinomas had a higher CA 19-9 antigen level (p < 0.001) than other GI malignancies. CA 27-29 appears to be at least as sensitive and specific as CA 15-3 in patients with breast cancer. None of the above markers retain their specificity when compared with a control group consisting of other malignancies.

ISSN:1010-4283    

DOI:10.1159/000217898

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This report describes the production and characterization of a mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) TJ4C4, which is directed against the interferon-induced double-stranded RNA-acti-vated protein kinase p68 (PKR). The mAb TJ4C4 was produced against p68 which was isolated using a partially purified p68 preparation from human cells. The specificity of this mAb is demonstrated in competitive inhibition assays using recom-binantly produced p68 protein and by immunoprecipitation. This mAb is of particular value in that it detects an epitope on p68 which is not destroyed in routinely prepared, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, or in a variety of other commonly used clinical fixatives. The inhibition of mAb TJ4C4 by recombinantly produced p68, on human tissues sections, validates the specificity of this mAb in histological studies. Therefore, mAb TJ4C4 serves as a specific probe to study p68 expression in clinically derived tissue specimens.

ISSN:1010-4283    

DOI:10.1159/000217899

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We investigated gastric acid secretion in 638 gastric cancer patients with respect to the association between aging and histologic types. In intestinal type tumors in which invasion is restricted to the mucosa, and in diffuse type tumors where the tumor invaded the serosa there was a significantly negative correlation between acid secretion and age. However, no relationship was found between gastric acid output and age in signet ring cell carcinoma. On the other hand, a significantly negative correlation between acid secretion and age was shown in male patients with well differentiated type and in females with signet ring cell carcinoma. In conclusion, low acid secretion related to aging may play an important role in developing cancer cells in intestinal type tumors especially in the male elderly, and in diffuse type tumors in the female elderly, respectively.

ISSN:1010-4283    

DOI:10.1159/000217900

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The aim of the present study was to assess the innervation pattern in benign haemangiomata, malignant colo-rectal carci-nomata and experimental malignant tumours transplanted into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice using the general nerve fibre marker protein gene product (PGP) 9.5. An indirect immunohistological technique (using streptavidin-biotin complex formation) was used on paraffin wax sections of tumour tissues fixed in neutral buffered formalin. In 5/7 haemangiomata nerve fibres were detected in the vicinity of some tumorous blood vessels, though the majority of such vessels were without immunoreactive nerve fibres. In some cases the reaction product for PGP 9.5 appeared to be distributed in a diffuse perivascular manner. In the colo-rectal carcinomata, no intra-tumorous blood vessels received a nerve supply, though nerves were observed in the stroma supporting the tumour tissues. In the experimental tumours derived from either human colo-rectal carcinomata or breast carcinomata cell lines, no nerve fibres were detected within the tumours themselves. The conclusions reached were that tumour blood vessels are not innervated. Angiogenesis, which is a prerequisite for tumour growth, must, therefore, be regulated by a means other than neural.

ISSN:1010-4283    

DOI:10.1159/000217901

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Heparin, a highly sulfated polysaccharide used as an anti-thrombotic and anticoagulant, inhibits proliferation of several cell types. We have investigated the effect of heparin and chemically modified heparins on the growth of a cell culture of a murine mammary adenocarcinoma (M3). We found that heparin inhibited the proliferation of M3 cells growing either with or without 2% fetal calf serum (FCS) in a dose-dependent and reversible fashion. Several heparins with different anticoagulant properties showed a similar antiproliferative effect. Histological assays showed that heparin was internalized and appeared in cytoplasmic vesicules. O-desulfated, O/N-desul-fated N-acetylated and N-desulfated heparins lost their antiproliferative activity, while N-desulfated N-acetylated heparin significantly inhibited cell proliferation with or without FCS. The finding of an antiproliferative action of N-desulfated N-acetylated heparin which does not show anticoagulant activity suggests a possible therapeutic role for this compound as an antineoplastic drug.

ISSN:1010-4283    

DOI:10.1159/000217902

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We investigated the role that organ environment may play in determining the homing of disseminated cells from a murine mammary adenocarcinoma moderately metastatic to lung (M3). Conditioned medium (CM) from normal lung was able to enhance both local and metastatic growth. It increased the number of lung colonies when inoculated together with tumor cells via intravenous or separately via intraperitoneal route. Several in vitro studies were performed in order to elucidate possible mechanisms. It was shown that lung CM stimulated the in vitro growth and the migration of M3 cells. Normal kidney and liver CM lacked all these capacities.

ISSN:1010-4283    

DOI:10.1159/000217903

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Resected specimens of 288 primary stomach cancers (175 early cases and 113 advanced cases) and recurrent tumors or biopsy specimens of 21 recurrent or inoperable metastatic stomach cancers were examined immunohistochemically for expression of c-erbB-2 oncogene product. c-erbB-2 protein-positive staining was detected in 6.9, 15.9 and 28.6% of early, advanced and recurrent or inoperable metastatic stomach cancers, respectively, the difference being significant (p < 0.005). Four patients with advanced cancer showed positive staining in metastatic lymph nodes but not in the primary tumors. The results of tissue immunostaining were compared with c-erbB-2 protein levels in sera of the patients measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The levels of this oncogene product were consistently low in the sera of most of the patients with primary stomach cancers, regardless of whether or not c-erbB-2 protein was expressed in the tumor. However, in the recurrent or inoperable metastatic stomach cancers, 5 of 6 patients with c-erbB-2 protein-positive tumors showed elevated levels of c-erbB-2 protein in the serum. After following up c-erbB-2 protein levels in the sera of 3 patients during the period of chemotherapy against recurrent or inoperable metastatic disease, we found that the levels increased only in the late stage. These results suggest that, in stomach cancer, c-erbB-2 protein is likely to be excreted into the serum at a relatively late stage, reflecting systemic spread of the disease.

ISSN:1010-4283    

DOI:10.1159/000217904

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In the microenvironment of many solid tumors the pH is considerably lower (mean pH between 6.6 to 7.2) than the pH in normal tissue (pH 7.0-7.5). Therefore, the influence of acidic pH on the cytotoxic activity of lymphokine-activated killer cells (LAK cells) after different culture periods was tested. K-562 human erythroleukemia cells were selected as target cells. Cell killing was measured using a two-color flow cytometric method. At physiological pH of 7.4, LAK cell-mediated cytotoxicity ranged from 15 to 48% (E:T ratio = 50:1). The specific lysis of target cells was considerably reduced (up to 70% inhibition of specific lysis) under acidic conditions (pH 6.8, 6.3, 5.8). This effect was independent of donors, duration of the culture period, and the E:T ratio in the cytotoxic assay. As pH gradients surrounding tumor cells may reach values below pH 6.0 at the cell surface, the pH-dependence of LAK cell cytotoxicity could at least partially explain the inhibition of the natural immune response in solid tumors. Therapeutic immunological strategies concerning the enhancement of the natural immune response like LAK cell and IL-2 immunotherapy including IL-2 gene therapy may only be successful if a simultaneous inhibition of the acidification process and an elevation of tumor pH is achieved.

ISSN:1010-4283    

DOI:10.1159/000217905

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger