摘要:

From its origin in the 1940s audiology - the discipline concerned with hearing in all its aspects - has grown in many directions. Knowledge about the functioning of the auditory system has improved for both the normal and disordered state. Hearing loss can greatly diminish the quality of life of the individual affected and of those closely associated with him/her. It is more widespread than generally recognized, a fifth of the adult population having hearing below the level of social adequacy, with the cost to the community in monetary terms probably being between±200 million and£300 million a year.Detection of hearing loss in infancy, or even in the foetus, is vital to early and effective treatment; a number of new techniques are being investigated to improve the accuracy of hearing screening procedures. Transient hearing loss in early childhood is very common. In this age group the problem to which much attention is being directed is the identification of a minority in whom the usually transient condition becomes permanent and handicapping.In adult subjects the diagnosis of hearing problems is now well developed and effective. For those unable to benefit from medical or surgical treatment the situation is less satisfactory. For the elderly hearing impaired and for some of the less elderly also, the principal form of remediation is through amplification - mainly, but not exclusively, hearing aids. Yet of those likely to benefit from this form of assistance only about one quarter are actually receiving help. The poor take up of hearing aids stems partly from the somewhat thoughtless and ill-informed public attitude to hearing impairment and partly from weaknesses in service provision.The audiologist has a role to play in remedying this situation and also in the area of hearing loss prevention. Noise is the major cause of avoidable hearing loss, both in the industrial and entertainment areas. Education about, and prevention of hearing loss are likely to be significant growth areas for audiologists in the future.

ISSN:0309-1902    

DOI:10.3109/03091908609022905

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The‘in vivo’impulse response of long bones was investigated with the object of assessing the reliability of data taken under various conditions. The ultimate goal of the research is to develop a non-invasive method of monitoring the healing of long bones. A spectrum analyser was developed specifically for this investigation and is presented here.

ISSN:0309-1902    

DOI:10.3109/03091908609022906

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A simple, inexpensive mechanical device is described for the direct continuous measurement of mean arterial pressure. It can be assembled in minutes using a few dollars worth of sterile components commonly available in an intensive care unit. Mean arterial pressure determined in patients with this device differs by 1.6 mmHg±1.1 SD from mean arterial pressure simultaneously measured by properly calibrated Hewlett-Packard electronic monitors (N = 5), a non-significant difference. Similar agreement was obtained when the device was tested using a commercial blood pressure system calibrator as the pressure source. This device also allows rapid static calibration of electronic pressure transducers across the full range of human blood pressure using a 3 ml syringe as the pressure source and an aneroid gauge, or mercury column, as the pressure standard.

ISSN:0309-1902    

DOI:10.3109/03091908609022907

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0309-1902    

DOI:10.3109/03091908609022908

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

An interface system is described to allow profoundly handicapped children to use a BBC microcomputer. The system comprises an interface box, switches and a suite of programs. Rather than be limited to a standard switch, instructions and ideas are provided for teachers to create their own switches. The programs aim to train the children in the use of a switch and allow progress from simple stimulus to educational tasks.

ISSN:0309-1902    

DOI:10.3109/03091908609022909

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Decision-making in medicine is carried out in uncertainty, and doctors can almost never be sure that they are right in their interpretation of the clinical evidence in a given patient. Their inter-observer error rate is high, often in excess of 20% [1]. They tend to try to compensate for this by seeking a redundancy of evidence, clinical and technological. This is a reasonable strategy when the evidence is cheap: it becomes unacceptable when the redundancy takes up resources which would be better used in other ways. The application of objective methods and adoption of a systems approach can reduce the uncertainty in many clinical situations. It can result in measurably increased satisfaction for patient, doctor and funding agency. These interactions between medical decision-making and biomedical engineering make it of interest to the European Community (EC).

ISSN:0309-1902    

DOI:10.3109/03091908609022910

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0309-1902    

DOI:10.3109/03091908609022911

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Biomedical Systems Analysis via Compartmental ConceptBy R. F. Brown (Abacus Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and Tunbridge Wells, Kent, 1985), pp. xii + 684. $62.75/£39.60. ISBN 0-85626-433-4.An Introduction to Emission Computer TomographyThe Institute of Physical Sciences in Medicine, London, Report No. 44.Linear Accelerators for Radiation TherapyBy D. Greene (Adam Hilger Ltd, Bristol, UK, 1985), pp. 194. Hard cover£19.50/$33-00. ISBN 0-85274-557-5.Instrument Science and Technology, Volume 3Edited by Barry E. Jones (Adam Hilger Ltd, Bristol, UK, 1985), pp. 184.£11.95/$19.50. ISBN 0-85274-787-X.Fundamentals of Aerospace MedicineEdited by Roy L. DeHart (Lea&Febiger, Philadelphia, USA, 1985), pp. 985. $110.00. ISBN 0-8121-0880-9.

ISSN:0309-1902    

DOI:10.3109/03091908609022912

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor