ISSN:0731-7239    

DOI:10.1002/sres.3850080301

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0731-7239    

DOI:10.1002/sres.3850080302

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn general, stable systems consist ofparticleswhose motion is bound within the limits set by aconfining influence.Any such system obeys six empirical laws of nature which together form the fundamental theorem of system structure. On any scale, this theorem defines thestatesthat result from a rigid coupling of a particles position to its direction and speed. As they travel, the particles in any system periodically exchange kinetic for potential energy as they travel their allowed pathway of motion. Consider, for example, the pendulum whose potential energy is maximized at each end of its swing while its kinetic energy is maximized at the bottom of its swing. The most basic description of the shape of the particle's pathway is its representation within the space of the confining influence. The resulting dynamic geometries of particle states, the process of change between the states and the processes necessary to alter the system itself can all be described. Subsequently, the description of the particles and theirconfining influencepermits the application of the theorem to any local system.

ISSN:0731-7239    

DOI:10.1002/sres.3850080303

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSocialization and specialization are seen as interdependent. The analysis derives from an understanding of context and actor. Notions of social change, human communication, medical cybernetics and artificial intelligence are brought to bear upon this interdependence. The main conclusion is a call to rethink criticism of socialization and specialization in terms of cybernetics.

ISSN:0731-7239    

DOI:10.1002/sres.3850080304

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper suggests that the contrast between specialization and socialization may oversimplify the operation of social systems. It proposes instead a three‐factor developmental model in which socialization remains as the second stage (identity), and specialization is split into two, status (the first stage) and diversity (the third stage). One feature of such a model is that the diversity relation implies greater system‐consciousness than does the status relat

ISSN:0731-7239    

DOI:10.1002/sres.3850080305

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFrom a systems perspective, man is an open system whose life is defined in the space of interaction with other systems ‐ individuals, families, groups, communities, nations, international organizations, and nature. The space of that interaction, the space in which “specialization” and “socialization” take place, has dramatically expanded in the last couple of centuries with the evolution of industrial and information societies. The space of specialization and socialization is also the space in which human development takes place. The purpose of the present discussion is to examine the meaning of “identity” for the individual who now finds himself confronted with the difficult task of human development, willingly or unwillingly, in the world of global interdependence in his life as a biological, a psychological, and a

ISSN:0731-7239    

DOI:10.1002/sres.3850080306

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAshby[1] said that the fight against (too much) diversity is possible only by developing diversity. This is expressed also in the title of this conference and paper. Both need a methodological support. A phenomenological systems theory does not provide it. We have been developing an alternative paradigm on the basis of the “Dialectical System “ notion. Fifteen years of development on this basis are briefed in the pa

ISSN:0731-7239    

DOI:10.1002/sres.3850080307

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper argues that its propensity to specialization, and its preoccupation with analytical/parts‐thinking, has locked Western society through a socialization process, based on a mechanistic/materialistic world view, in a situation of harmful imbalance. Counterforces are arising, however, that pertain to a systemic/holistic model, emphasizing a more balanced view which includes such concepts as intuition, synthesis and wholes‐thinking. A few salient examples will be pointed out from the field of organization and management. It is suggested that a new socialization process may be rooted in a synthesis of Eastern and Western norms and val

ISSN:0731-7239    

DOI:10.1002/sres.3850080308

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn this paper, the role of computer technology in the specialization/socialization conflict is examined. It is contended that, to a large extent, computers can relieve people from a number of highly specialized tasks, but, on the other hand, they may also be having quite profound effects on the nature of socialization. The paper goes on to consider what the implications of these changes for society might be, and to what extent they are desirable.

ISSN:0731-7239    

DOI:10.1002/sres.3850080309

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe reciprocal proportions of socialism and specialization in the health care system should promote the effective delivery of treatment. This paper presents a brief history of specialization in medicine, and considers typical problems in the delivery of health care caused by medical and audiological specialization. A specific professional example from the field of audiology offers a detailed description of factors which adversely affect patient treatment. A functional model to achieve the appropriate relationship between specialized and general patient care is proposed, and a syllogistic conclusion is offered for consideration.

ISSN:0731-7239    

DOI:10.1002/sres.3850080310

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY