ISSN:0731-7239    

DOI:10.1002/sres.3850050301

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNomocracy is the new mode of production that is replacing capitalism. Intelligence and knowledge are replacing capital and commodity. Knowledge appears as the objectivized reflection of nature and its laws. Nature and man acquire an abstract twin in formula form, and the aggregation of formulas makes the Nomos that gradually takes one crucial role in the production process. Material production becomes a derivative of knowledge. Advances in modern sciences are making mass production into hypermass, and the market system unworkable. Scarcity of knowledge is replacing scarcity of commodities, and accumulation and concentration of knowledge displaces that of capital. A shift to knowledge production sweeps all our preconceptions of work, administration, justice, racial equality, freedom, ethics, etc. from the board. We are moving into a situation where the real material world (inclusive man) will be subordinated to the abstract Nomos.

ISSN:0731-7239    

DOI:10.1002/sres.3850050302

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper seeks to set out what competence in systems methodology is required for the proper study and management of organizations. There are three parts to the paper. In the first section some general remarks are made about the nature of organizations as systems. The outcome is a statement about the meta‐characteristics of the systems methods that need to be employed in organizational analysis. In the next section this result is used to classify existing systems methods aimed at exploring and gaining knowledge about organizations. It also helps to identify weaknesses in systems inquiring competence in this area. In a final section, a range of systems methods capable of managing and designing organizations is presented and the relationship between these methods and the earlier analysis is demonstrated. Again, the aim is to systematize existing systems inquiring competence in this field and to reveal gaps in that competenc

ISSN:0731-7239    

DOI:10.1002/sres.3850050303

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThere are several reasons which suggest that the role of nuclear weapons for deterrence in Europe is gradually diminishing. Thus, Europeans are confronted with the question as to whether and under what conditions strategic stability can be obtained in a post‐nuclear world. From the analysis of a simple conceptual model of military conflict the conclusion is reached that, in order to preserve crisis stability in a non‐nuclear Europe and to dampen the arms race, the antagonistic land forces need to be gradually restructured in a manner so that neither side may perceive the other as a potential threat to its territorial integrity. There would be military as well as economic incentives for the implementation of structural changes toward a reduction of the offensive capabilities of conventional forces if the so‐called ‘Defense Efficiency Hypothesis’ were to be validated. Otherwise, a deterioration of crisis stability must be expected during the transiti

ISSN:0731-7239    

DOI:10.1002/sres.3850050304

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRecent research has documented the immense complexity of global climate change. The climate system (1) is characterized by multiple inputs and feedback relationships involving many components of the earth system that (2) operate on variable time and geographic scales and (3) can exhibit nonlinear and counterintuitive behavior leading to (4) possibly abrupt changes in equilibrium conditions. Unprecedented rates of increase in atmospheric trace gases and deforestation justify intensive systems research to help verify current and projected global warming trends. This systems review identified numerous uncertainties that warrant attention.

ISSN:0731-7239    

DOI:10.1002/sres.3850050305

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe principles that guide the practice of the author and the reasons for them are presented. These principles have been extracted from 40 years of applying the systems sciences to managerial problems in practitioner—client relationships. These principles focus on the role of the practitioner in encouraging and facilitating the development of the relevant stakeholders during an engagement. This is done primarily through participative idealized redesign of the system which has the problems being addressed. What the practitioner must bring to the design process, his or her personal relationships with the responsible decision maker, and ‘selling’ are among the other aspects of practice that are disc

ISSN:0731-7239    

DOI:10.1002/sres.3850050306

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGlobal concern for the severe resource crisis and environmental upsurge has emphasized the need to review the economic policy and planning process and explore the possibility of incorporating waste management aspects in it. This paper specifically deals with the issues related to the development and design of an information‐flow‐structure about resource wastes, with the understanding that waste management is a matter of serious concern for policy formulation, subsequent planning and implementation at the national level. This structure should support the national planning system based on an I–O–W (Input—Output—Waste) model which is the logical extension of an I–O model. Identification of informational needs of national planners about wastes would be the starting point towards designing such a structure. Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) is found to be a powerful technique to transform the complex mental models into a visible and well‐defined structural format. This is proposed here to be used for the development of the necessary information‐flow‐structure parallel to the existing productive systems, which should support the informational needs of top‐level planner

ISSN:0731-7239    

DOI:10.1002/sres.3850050307

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0731-7239    

DOI:10.1002/sres.3850050308

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFrom the thermodynamics of irreversible processes, Excess Entropy and Excess Entropy Production formulas are developed for a living system. For inanimate, corporate‐style organizations, analogous Excess Entropy concepts are derived from Shannon's informational entropy equation. It is suggested that Excess Entropy and Excess Entropy Production are useful concepts in tracking aging system

ISSN:0731-7239    

DOI:10.1002/sres.3850050309

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractManaging Projects in Organizations, by J. Davidson Frame, Jossey—Bass, San Francisco, 1987, 229 p

ISSN:0731-7239    

DOI:10.1002/sres.3850050311

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY