ISSN:0731-7239    

DOI:10.1002/sres.3850040401

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0731-7239    

DOI:10.1002/sres.3850040402

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper aims to investigate characteristics of recent ‘soft’ problem solving approaches in OR as well as in systems science. A general scheme is first developed in which the inquiry processes of systems approaches are discussed. This scheme also reveals the essential ingredients of a systems approach which determine the ‘softness’. Then, three soft systems approaches are analyzed, i.e. hypergame analysis, cognitive mapping analysis and soft systems methodology. Finally, the properties, in terms of general systems theory and cybernetics, of these soft systems approaches are discussed assuming that their inquiry processes are directed at producing improvement as well as explanation and accommodation to the real world si

ISSN:0731-7239    

DOI:10.1002/sres.3850040403

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThere is an inherent limitation in the reductive economic systems analysis that prevents its applicability to complex socio‐economic systems. In this paper, it is found that: (1) the concept of dimensionality, set forth by Warfield, provides us with a conceptual framework for modeling complex socio‐economic systems; and (2) the resultant dimensional analysis provides us with important insights that are not obtainable with other methods. The techniques of dimensional analysis are also discus

ISSN:0731-7239    

DOI:10.1002/sres.3850040404

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe evolution to war or peace is discussed in terms of systems evolution and is then described in terms of four stages. Emphasis in this paper is on the stage of precursory or field‐reconfiguration phenomena. A major incongruence is suggested to exist between the realities of system structure, dynamics, and behavior on the one hand and the thought processes of world leaders about these systems on the other. A number of systems constructs are examined in terms of simplistic thinking, policy actions based on simplistic thinking, implications of the policy implementations for international stability, and systems thinking. Briefly, these constructs are linearity, direction of causality, determinacy, equilibrium, complexity, and structural change. The origin and nature of different cognitive styles is then discussed as they impact global systems management. Cognitive dissonance leading to cognitive structural change is stressed as a means of systems education. A program for implementing changes in thinking is sketche

ISSN:0731-7239    

DOI:10.1002/sres.3850040405

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIncreasing entropy is a measure of disorder in an aging system, where death is the ultimate or maximum disorder. Excess Entropy and Excess Entropy Production characterize the entropic distance from and the rate of approach to maximum disorder. Excess Entropy and Excess Entropy Production were calculated from the thermodynamics of irreversible processes for 39 human subjects now dead. Longevity tracks were calculated, based on these concepts. Comparisons of lifespan projections from these entropy tracks against actual longevity were: Within one year (16% of the subjects); within 4 years (48%); within 7 years (74%). These Excess Entropy tracks can be useful as diagnostic tools, such as when medical stresses drive the subject off the normal decreasing (type I) track onto a rising (type II) track. Recovery from the medical stress yields a resumption of decreasing (type III) track.

ISSN:0731-7239    

DOI:10.1002/sres.3850040406

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0731-7239    

DOI:10.1002/sres.3850040407

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper presents a discussion of the requirements of training for systems praxis, indicating the system theories, epistemologies, and choice making skills that are needed for work in social change. It is proposed that a person working with social systems must recognize that the client systems will be using not only contemporary but many earlier forms of system thinking. Similarly, it is argued that the epistemologies we are using today do not support systemic thinking and modes of change. An alternative epistemology is proposed. A professional program leading to a doctorate in Human and Organizational Systems is described which is based on training in analysis, synthesis and choice. The program has been designed to be self‐reflective, employing systemic modes of learning for planning and executing systemic chang

ISSN:0731-7239    

DOI:10.1002/sres.3850040408

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0731-7239    

DOI:10.1002/sres.3850040409

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Inertia of Fear and the Scientific Worldview, by Valentin F. Turchin, Columbia University Press, New York, 1981, 300 pp.

ISSN:0731-7239    

DOI:10.1002/sres.3850040410

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY