摘要:

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to provide a conceptual basis of modeling of discrete event systems, that is, a guideline along which making models and their programs and modification of them are carried out.For this purpose we formulate the three‐phase approach that was proposed as a methodology of discrete event simulation. Using this methodology, analysts model static interactions between entities in the target system and then make a program that shows dynamic aspects of the system. The formulation, based on the mathematical general systems theory, shows what determines the dynamics of a discrete event system resulting from the program, what information is used and how they are related in models in the methodology.More concretely, a simulation program used in the three‐phase approach is formulated as a state space representation whose state space consists of queue and a set of internal records. Those records hold internally‐set occurrence times of activities in corresponding entities. The role which activity interaction diagrams play as static skeleton models in the methodology is explicitly shown in terms of its simulation pr

ISSN:0731-7239    

DOI:10.1002/sres.3850080401

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThere are important situations in which a method can be regarded as more suitable than the other. This concerns the question of which method is most appropriate as the primary method of chief point of departure for the study of a given system or object of scientific inquiry.This article deals with the foundations of analysis and synthesis as scientific methods, and especially with the requirements for the successful application of these methods.

ISSN:0731-7239    

DOI:10.1002/sres.3850080402

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractProposed concepts on the nature language and the intuition of meaning are presented here using existential and mathematical primitives. Topologically exact results are given for the structure of human memory, for the inner nature of a meaning, and for some of the psychic principles which give rise to language. These results follow from a linguistic model which so defines a verb that all other linguistic elements become special cases of it. Both the topological and clinical results on the emergence of language and the perception of meaning support this position. Some results are also given on the structure and formation of non‐verbal meanin

ISSN:0731-7239    

DOI:10.1002/sres.3850080403

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe increasingly competitive nature of business is causing firms to rethink the manner in which they are organized, while the availability of more advanced information technologies are enabling significant organizational change tot take place. One change is the compression of organizational structures towards four basic hierarchical levels. Each level requires information specific to its unique orientation and related activities. To meet this requirement three types of support will be needed: Intelligence support, which provides information on the internal and external environments of the organization; decision support, which organizes the information and facilitates the decision‐making process; and technical support, which enables a sharing of the organization's information. A study of the procurement areas in several firms in a single manufacturing industry found that the areas appear to be moving towards the four‐level organizational structure. However, they are doing so without recognition of the orientation and activities associated with the various levels. Also, none of the firms have gone beyond developing minimal intelligence support capability. This study indicates that systems thinking is not driving the organizational structure in the procurement areas, which may be indicative of other functional areas in the firm. Such systems thinking must come about if each functional activity is to contribute to the competitive capabilities of the f

ISSN:0731-7239    

DOI:10.1002/sres.3850080404

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA general systems theorist may be interested in the analysis of development paradigms evolved by different sciences. What mechanisms account for the changes, selection, and reinforcement of the traits selected for — these are the kind of questions that the development paradigms are designed to answer. This article aims to evaluate the impact that the paradigms in economics have had on biology. Malthus' conceptual framework of economics, which had as its centerpiece the idea of selection, exerted a powerful influence on Darwin's theory of evolution. For a long time biology and economics also shared the presupposition of the random nature of changes in their respective domains of phenomena.Economic science has now offered up new paradigms which focus primarily on some orderly mechanisms of change, and treat the sphere of R&D, as one chiefly responsible for changes, as a separate concern. The field of R&D, organically linked with the rest of the economy, consists of distinct stages, each with its own peculiar performance mechanism. Some, but only some, of these mechanisms may work on the principle of random changes.It is this structured nature of the processes in the “mutative” system of the economy that may be of greatest interest to biology, where the idea of random changes still predominates. Recent breakthroughs in molecular biology, and specifically the discovery of jumping genes, Z‐genes, etc., made it possible to hypothesize the existence in the organism of some orderly mechanisms responsible for changes. Structures within these mechanisms not only ensure the preservation of accumulated experience and growth, but also the creation of new features; it seems to me, that survival and growth must be subordinated to development. This hypothesis may also illuminate the causes of diseases that result from various breakdowns in these structure. One possible example of such a systematic malfunction is

ISSN:0731-7239    

DOI:10.1002/sres.3850080405

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0731-7239    

DOI:10.1002/sres.3850080409

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY