ISSN:0001-4966    

DOI:10.1121/1.1906680

出版商:Acoustical Society of America    

年代:1950

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

By treating the vocal tract as a series of cylindrical sections, or acoustic lines, it is possible to use transmission line theory in finding the resonances. With constants uniformly distributed along each section, resonances appear as modes of vibration of the tract taken as a whole. Thus, the fundamental mode of the smaller cavity may be affected considerably by a higher mode of the larger; and in addition, higher resonances are found without postulating additional cavities. This is an advantage over the lumped constant treatment, where it is necessary to postulate a different cavity for each resonance, and where the interaction terms in the equation do not include the higher modes of vibration. Under the distributed treatment, dimensions for each vowel may be taken from x‐ray photographs of the vocal tract. The calculations then yield at least three resonances which lie in the frequency regions known for the vowel, from analyses of normal speech. Dependence of the different resonances upon the different cavities is discussed in some detail in the paper.An electrical circuit based on the transmission line analogy has been made to produce acceptable vowel sounds. This circuit is useful in confirming the general theory and in research on the phonetic effects of articulator movements. The possibility of using such a circuit as a phonetic standard for vowel sounds is discussed.

ISSN:0001-4966    

DOI:10.1121/1.1906681

出版商:Acoustical Society of America    

年代:1950

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

In speechband compression or expansion all the frequencies of the band are divided or multiplied in a certain ratio, butwithoutchanging the time dimension. This last requirement makes the problem very difficult because, if we could neglect the time aspect, we could record speech and simply play it back at slower or faster speeds.I have tried to solve this problem by three different methods: (1) by transformation of the speech frequencies into an optical spectrum and retransformation by light modulation disk and photo‐tube; (2) by use of a string filter; and (3) by use of an ultrasonic cell as a storage device.

ISSN:0001-4966    

DOI:10.1121/1.1906682

出版商:Acoustical Society of America    

年代:1950

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0001-4966    

DOI:10.1121/1.1906683

出版商:Acoustical Society of America    

年代:1950

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0001-4966    

DOI:10.1121/1.1906684

出版商:Acoustical Society of America    

年代:1950

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The analysis of speech sound is facilitated if the sound is considered to be the response of a slow‐time‐varying linear system to appropriate excitations. The linear system is characterized by one or more system functions which may be represented most naturally as the sum of complex exponential terms having complex frequencies corresponding to the various formants. Thus, a generalized frequency analysis is made not of the speech wave itself but rather of the system function that shaped that wave. On the other hand, the excitation is best analyzed by autocorrelation methods.

ISSN:0001-4966    

DOI:10.1121/1.1906685

出版商:Acoustical Society of America    

年代:1950

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0001-4966    

DOI:10.1121/1.1906686

出版商:Acoustical Society of America    

年代:1950

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0001-4966    

DOI:10.1121/1.1906687

出版商:Acoustical Society of America    

年代:1950

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

This paper presents a short summary of calculations on the vibrations of the cochlear partition (basilar membrane). It is possible to determine the shape, velocity, and amplitude distribution of the traveling waves running from the stapes to the inner ear. Furthermore, it is shown that the calculated vibration pattern is in agreement with observations made on the human cochlea and on models of human inner ears. In particular, analogies between the waves in the inner ear and on the seashore are pointed out. These analogies show the importance of the velocities of propagation for the excitation of the hearing nerve cells.

ISSN:0001-4966    

DOI:10.1121/1.1906688

出版商:Acoustical Society of America    

年代:1950

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0001-4966    

DOI:10.1121/1.1906689

出版商:Acoustical Society of America    

年代:1950

数据来源: AIP