摘要:

A stimulus of a given sound pressure sounds louder when it is heard with two ears than when it is heard with only one ear. This fact is demonstrated by a series of experiments designed to quantify the ratio of binaural to monaural loudness at various stimulus levels. The methods used included magnitude estimation, magnitude production, one‐vs‐two‐ear ratio production, monaural‐binaural loudness matching, and the cross‐modality matching of loudness to the apparent intensity of a vibration.The results indicate that (1) monaural loudness grows as a power function of sound pressure with an exponent of about 0.54, whereas binaural loudness grows with an exponent of 0.6, and (2) the ratio between binaural and monaural loudness increases as a power function of sound pressure with an exponent of about 0.066. This ratio is 2:1 at about 90 db SPL. At lower levels the ratio is smaller, and at higher levels it is larger.

ISSN:0001-4966    

DOI:10.1121/1.1907903

出版商:Acoustical Society of America    

年代:1960

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Traveling bulges along the cochlear partition were recorded in response to gradual step‐function signals (the simplest form of a transient). Such a bulge resembles a train of waves decaying both in time and in space. Since each half‐wave grows longer in duration with its rank order, it forms its own individual envelope, including the location of maximal displacement. The latter location depends upon the time constant in essentially the same manner as that in response to steady‐state signals upon inverse frequency. The point of over‐all maximal displacement (usually due to the first half wave) varies with the time constant of the applied signal but also with the signal shape. At any given point along the partition, the propagation velocity of each half‐wave varies with the initial amplitude and its inverse time constant while its deceleration with distance depends upon the inverse time constant only. This is signified by the fact that the velocity‐distance curves of various portions of each bulge tend to approach a common point which is frequently located beyond the helicotrema. The response to random noise (and to bands thereof) is a superposition, in time and in space, of responses to single transients in random distribution.

ISSN:0001-4966    

DOI:10.1121/1.1907905

出版商:Acoustical Society of America    

年代:1960

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0001-4966    

DOI:10.1121/1.1907911

出版商:Acoustical Society of America    

年代:1960

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

An equation is given for the speed of sound in sea water. The experimental data used to determine this equation were obtained in the temperature, pressure, and salinity ranges −4°C

ISSN:0001-4966    

DOI:10.1121/1.1907913

出版商:Acoustical Society of America    

年代:1960

数据来源: AIP