ISSN:0001-4966    

DOI:10.1121/1.1906670

出版商:Acoustical Society of America    

年代:1950

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

This paper presents a nonmathetical discussion of the Wiener‐Shannon theory of information. The results of this theory are used to estimate the rate of transmission of information in speech communication.

ISSN:0001-4966    

DOI:10.1121/1.1906671

出版商:Acoustical Society of America    

年代:1950

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0001-4966    

DOI:10.1121/1.1906672

出版商:Acoustical Society of America    

年代:1950

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Phonemics having been atomistic, it is now completed by typology, or integral phonemics. Encoding, entropy, spelling reform. Criteria for classifying given vocabulary. Monosyllabics‐parallelogram. Phonetic nets. Frequency distribution of vowels in monosyllabic words (French, English, German).

ISSN:0001-4966    

DOI:10.1121/1.1906673

出版商:Acoustical Society of America    

年代:1950

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Physicists describe speech with continuous mathematics, such as Fourier analysis or the autocorrelation function. Linguists describe language instead, using a discontinuous or discrete mathematics called “linguistics.” The nature of this odd calculus is outlined and justified here. It treats speech communication as having a telegraphic structure. (Non‐linguists normally fail to orient themselves in this field because they treat speech as analogous to telephony.) The telegraph‐code structure of language is examined from top to bottom, and at each of its several levels of complexity (compared to the two levels of Morse code) its structure is shown to be defined by possibilities and impossibilities of combination among the units of that level. Above the highest level we find, instead of such absolute restrictions, conditional probabilities of occurrence: this is the semantic field, outside linguistics, where sociologists can work. Below the lowest level we find, instead of such absolute restrictions, conditional probabilities of phonetic quality: this is the phonetic field, outside linguistics, where physicists can work. Thus linguistics is peculiar among mathematical systems in that it abuts upon reality in two places instead of one. This statement is equivalent to defining a language as a symbolic system; that is, as a code.

ISSN:0001-4966    

DOI:10.1121/1.1906674

出版商:Acoustical Society of America    

年代:1950

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

An attempt is made by means of communication theory to build a single conceptual scheme that describes the transmission of messages from one man's brain through the medium of speech into another man's brain. It emphasizes the resemblance of speech production to an encoding process, and the resemblance of the hearing and interpreting of speech sounds to a cryptanalytic procedure that depends on the known conditional probabilities of the language. It is pointed out that speech sounds, or phones, form an infinite, continuous set, while phonemes, the smallest significant units of the cipher, are a discrete small set. It is felt that a logical method of decoding can be set up only through the convergent behavior of language as a statistical process.

ISSN:0001-4966    

DOI:10.1121/1.1906675

出版商:Acoustical Society of America    

年代:1950

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0001-4966    

DOI:10.1121/1.1906676

出版商:Acoustical Society of America    

年代:1950

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0001-4966    

DOI:10.1121/1.1906677

出版商:Acoustical Society of America    

年代:1950

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0001-4966    

DOI:10.1121/1.1906678

出版商:Acoustical Society of America    

年代:1950

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0001-4966    

DOI:10.1121/1.1906679

出版商:Acoustical Society of America    

年代:1950

数据来源: AIP