ISSN:0001-4966    

DOI:10.1121/1.1909610

出版商:Acoustical Society of America    

年代:1958

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0001-4966    

DOI:10.1121/1.1909612

出版商:Acoustical Society of America    

年代:1958

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0001-4966    

DOI:10.1121/1.1909614

出版商:Acoustical Society of America    

年代:1958

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0001-4966    

DOI:10.1121/1.1909616

出版商:Acoustical Society of America    

年代:1958

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0001-4966    

DOI:10.1121/1.1909618

出版商:Acoustical Society of America    

年代:1958

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0001-4966    

DOI:10.1121/1.1909620

出版商:Acoustical Society of America    

年代:1958

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0001-4966    

DOI:10.1121/1.1909622

出版商:Acoustical Society of America    

年代:1958

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0001-4966    

DOI:10.1121/1.1909624

出版商:Acoustical Society of America    

年代:1958

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The relation between the subjective intensity of a vibration on the skin and the physical amplitude of the vibration is different for the different parts of the skin, for example, the finger tip and the shoulder. The reason for this is that the sensation of vibration “loudness” is a complex interaction of summation and inhibition along the stimulated skin surface. Both summation and inhibition vary with the amplitude of the vibration, the distance between the stimulated areas, the slope of the spatial distribution of the stimulus along the surface of the skin, its time pattern, and the density of the innervation. I have tried to describe these relations as variations in “funneling action” of the nervous tissues in the hope that this terminology will lead to a better understanding of the various phenomena.A series of experiments was designed to establish rules for the estimation of the funneling action. For this purpose (1) the vibration loudness produced by a point vibrator was compared with the loudness produced by stimulation of a large area of skin (which may serve to explain why the curves of equal loudness for pure tones in hearing are compressed at the low frequencies); (2) the difference limen for amplitude variations was investigated under different conditions; (3) the lateral spread of the skin sensations was determined; and (4) all these phenomena were compared with analogous sensations in hearing. Through the concept of funneling, rotating skin sensations are brought into very close relation with rotating tones (Drehtön), and Mach's law of contrast in vision with a similar phenomenon of the “funneling” action observed on the skin. Finally, it is demonstrated by experiments that once a funneling action is established on the skin, there is a certain period of time during which it inhibits all other sensation, exactly as in hearing. It is very similar to the refractory period of the nerves. These refractory times are considerably longer when the funneling action takes place at the higher levels of the brain.

ISSN:0001-4966    

DOI:10.1121/1.1909626

出版商:Acoustical Society of America    

年代:1958

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

This paper is an investigation of the phenomenon which was observed by Huggins in 1953. Huggins found that a binaural stimulus gives a fairly clear perception of pitch although the separate stimuli to the two ears give no such perception. The basic stimulus consists of white noise introduced into one ear while the same white noise, phase transformed in a narrow band of frequencies, is introduced into the other ear. A practiced subject listening to this stimulus reports a faint pitch quality which is judged to sound about the same as narrow‐band filtered noise. A forced‐choice technique was used in which six subjects were asked to judge the direction of the pitch change when the frequency band over which the phase shift occurs was changed. The control consisted of the same stimulus presented to the two ears. Data are presented indicating the relationship between the percent of correct judgments and the three experimental variables, frequency, band width, and intensity level.

ISSN:0001-4966    

DOI:10.1121/1.1909628

出版商:Acoustical Society of America    

年代:1958

数据来源: AIP