摘要:

To address problems of geographic and specialty distribution of physicians in the states of Washington, Alaska, Montana, and Idaho, the University of Washington School of Medicine and its affiliated hospitals developed a regional program of graduate medical education beginning in 1971. The program in 1986–87 had 77 percent of the residency positions in the region and involved more than 30 hospitals and clinics. In 1986–87, 58 percent of the residents completing training were in family medicine, internal medicine, or pediatrics. The program is centrally coordinated by the school's associate dean for clinical affairs, who works with departmental program directors and hospital and university administrators.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In this study, the authors investigated the relationships between academic achievement in medical school and performance in first-year residency. The correlations between achievement measures and residency performance ratings were low but significant. A multiple regression equation using the residents' medical specialty and the academic variables accounted for one-quarter of the variance in residency ratings. Additional analyses indicated that the residents rated as “outstanding” consistently performed better on the National Board of Medical Examiners' examinations than the residents rated as “below average.” However, other factors were not found to distinguish consistently among the residents when they were grouped into four categories on the basis of overall residency performance. These results support the consideration of academic variables in the residency selection process. However, their use as a single selection factor or as a method of screening out applicants from further consideration is, at best, justified only in the case of extremely high or low medical school achievement.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The focus of political and public attention on health care costs has created pressures on hospitals to devise effective methods to decrease costs and still maintain excellent medical care. After identifying four medical specialty services in a unit of a tertiary-care hospital where lengths of stay were excessive, even when the average severity of the discharged patients' illnesses in these services was considered, the authors developed two educational interventions to decrease lengths of stay. First, individual meetings were held with each of the attending physicians from three of the four specialty services, and the data on lengths of stay on that particular service were discussed. The fourth service was used as a control. Second, a continuing education meeting was held with attending physicians on all of the specialty services admitting patients to the unit. The data on lengths of stay for all services were discussed. The lengths of stay subsequently decreased significantly in the three targeted specialty services without any measurable change in the quality of care. This improved efficiency persisted for the 16 months after the intervention. Significant changes in length of stay were not observed in the control service or in any of the other specialty services in which the attending physicians experienced only the continuing education meeting.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A five-year evaluation and redesign of the communication skills component of the Introduction to Clinical Medicine course was undertaken at the State University of New York Health Science Center at Syracuse College of Medicine. The objectives of the evaluation were to determine the effectiveness of the component in teaching communication skills, identify areas of the component in need of change, and monitor the effectiveness of previous changes. In the first three years, the evaluation focused on the students' perceptions of the importance of communication skills in their training as physicians. Based on the evaluations for those three years, the component was modified substantially. One of the changes was the introduction in years four and five of simulated patients for practicing interviewing skills. The evaluations in years four and five focused on the effectiveness of using the simulated patients and the students' perceptions of how well the course objectives were met.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In the research reported here, the authors examined the relation of 82 medical students' feelings about sex to their level of sexual knowledge, willingness to treat patients with sexual concerns, and participation in an elective sex education course. The results showed that the erotophobic students (those with negative feelings about sexuality) had significantly lower levels of sexual knowledge and were significantly less likely to participate in an elective human sexuality course than the erotophilic students (those with positive feelings about sexuality). Moreover, the erotophobic students who took part in the sexuality course benefited from it less than did the erotophilic students as measured by their willingness to treat patients with sexual concerns. Finally, although the students overall were relatively knowledgeable about sex and were relatively willing to treat patients with sexual concerns, troubling gaps in specific sexual knowledge and in willingness to treat patients with certain sexual concerns (such as acquired immune deficiency syndrome) were identified. Medical schools need to structure sex education in ways that take account of students' ambivalent feelings about sex and need to provide sex education that increases both sexual knowledge and willingness to treat patients with sexual concerns.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Teaching in the ambulatory setting is important for medical educators because of the economic, social, and medical trends that are pushing patients into this health care setting. While medical education in the hospital setting maintains its important role, education in ambulatory care demands innovations and new strategies. A pilot program based in a freestanding ambulatory surgery center has been developed as part of a surgical residency training program. In the present article, the author describes the program, outlines its curriculum, and details the daily activities of the residents and medical students. A brief history of ambulatory surgery is given.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In the fall of 1986 approximately 100 faculty members, community physicians, house staff members, and students associated with Indiana University School of Medicine participated in a conference on “Teachers as Role Models: The Impact on the Learning Process.” Small-group discussions allowed the participants to define and discuss the impact of role-modeling in medical education. It was anticipated by the organizers that after the conference the participants would be more cognizant of their influence as role models and would be motivated to become better role models and support good role-modeling. A synopsis of the conference indicates that the participants identified both the positive and negative impact of role-modeling and concluded that medical educational programs should use positive role-modeling as a teaching tool to instill within students the desire to gain new knowledge and to apply that knowledge as medical professionals.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Fifty-nine family practice residents and their spouses from one university-based and three community-based residency programs were studied to assess the frequency of stressful events in their lives and to quantify adverse psychosocial effects associated with that stress. A modified version of a questionnaire produced and tested by the University of Minnesota and the widely used, standardized Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) were used to assess stress and psychological symptoms. There was a high correlation between high numbers of stressful events in the residents' and spouses' lives and high ratings of psychological symptoms. This finding was particularly true for the female residents. Overall, the residents' responses were near the mean for a nonpatient group used as a normative comparison on each of the nine subscales of the SCL-90 and on the overall mean for the entire scale. This finding indicated that the residents, although their lives were quite stressful, were handling the stress without major problems. The residents and their spouses also answered questions about 10 therapeutic interventions concerning stress and indicated which interventions they preferred.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

No abstract available.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

No abstract available.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID