摘要:

To determine the characteristics of training in ambulatory internal medicine, all internal medicine residency programs in the United States were surveyed in 1981–82. Thirty-eight percent of 477 hospitals responded. Quantitative information was sought regarding the specific features of the ambulatory residency programs, formal teaching conferences, supervision of residents, and evaluation of residents in ambulatory care. According to the responses, the training of the small cadre of primary care residents does emphasize ambulatory medical experience, supervised by an increasing number of faculty members in general medicine. Formal post-clinic conferences, analogous to inpatient attending rounds, are held substantially more often in hospitals with primary care programs than in hospitals without primary care programs. Formal ambulatory teaching conferences stress both traditional topics important in internal medicine and psychosocial issues. However, the authors could detect little effect of these activities in primary care programs on the training of traditional internal medicine residents even within the same hospital.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Five years of experience using the services of a full-time clinical medical librarian (CML) by the Department of Medicine at the Hospital of the Medical College of Pennsylvania have been reviewed. Over the five years there was a marked increase in queries from faculty and house staff members with an accompanying decrease in CML-initiated questions, while requests by students and others remained constant. The largest category of queries was patient-related. There were increases in the use of the CML for patient-related queries, for research, and for oral presentations. The number of requests obtained on rounds or in conferences decreased, while the number obtained by phone, in the library, or elsewhere increased. Requests for computer searches remained constant.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Investigators have suggested that attitudes of faculty members toward diagnostic testing may encourage inappropriate laboratory use. In the present paper, the authors present a method for determining faculty attitudes on laboratory tests and the results of an analysis of such attitudes at one institution. The attitudes were determined from case simulations prepared by the faculty for senior medical student examinations. At the time the examination was being constructed, the faculty members weighted each laboratory test option following the case presentation for its appropriateness as positive, zero, or negative. The investigators subsequently categorized all of the laboratory tests according to their purpose and appropriateness with respect to the likelihood of diagnostic possibilities generated by the case. The results of the analysis showed that screening tests and tests to investigate unlikely diagnoses usually received weights close to zero and rarely received negative weights. This apparent indifference to tests with limited usefulness that generate some costs may be perceived by students as permission for their continued use.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

At present, it is not clear whether or not the choices of specialty areas by male and female medical students are converging. Historically, women have selected specialty areas with high patient contact. In the study reported here, the authors address whether or not there are differences in perceived specialty choice among the newest entrants into medicine. A total of 180 freshman medical students at one medical school (120 males and 60 females) participated. It was found that 70.4 percent of the women stated that they expected to select a specialty in primary care compared with only 44.4 percent of the men. On the other hand, 30.8 percent of the men expected to enter a surgical specialty area compared with only 11.1 percent of the women. A higher proportion of women than of men indicated that patient contact and family life were instrumental in the selection of a medical specialty. Seventy percent of the men expected an annual income of more than +75,000 (in 1984 dollars) compared with 43.3 percent of the women, who generally expected a smaller income. The authors in this study found that the traditional identifications of both male and female specialty choices are not changing.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The medical faculty at Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, in 1982 decided to omit the formal teaching of medical ethics from its curriculum. This decision led both students and faculty members to review the role of ethics in medical education. The outcome was the establishment of a minicourse of four three-hour sessions devoted to the examination and debate of selected ethical issues. The course was directed by students, who chose four general topics for discussion and three subtopics to be the focus in each session. They organized debates between faculty and community members from the fields of medicine, law, philosophy, and theology to be the core of instruction. The course resulted in a high level of satisfaction among the students, who felt that the issues chosen had been appropriately explored. The course, therefore, was continued in the same form by the following medical class.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of the study reported here was to compare two teaching formats, the traditional lecture and the case presentation, to determine which technique is more effective in continuing medical education (CME). Effectiveness was measured by assessing pediatricians' cognitive knowledge utilizing preinstruction and postinstruction multiple-choice tests, the physicians' performances using simulated patients, and the physicians' office records on diagnoses and treatment plans. There were differences between the two teaching techniques in regard to their impact on physicians' knowledge and their performance with patients. Physicians attending case presentation sessions were more likely to increase their cognitive knowledge than physicians attending the lecture sessions, but retention of knowledge was only slightly higher for the case presentation group than the lecture group. More simulated mothers making visits to the offices of pediatricians who had been in the case presentation group reported feeling that the physicians' plans for their children were totally or partially appropriate than did mothers visiting pediatricians from the lecture group. There were few correlations between the physicians' cognitive knowledge and their performances. Based on the findings of the study, recommendations are suggested for use in planning CME.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A program of computer-assisted patient-management problems (PMPs) for teaching pediatrics at one medical school is described. The PMPs cover all clinical, laboratory, and outcome aspects, including the hazards and cost of inappropriate investigations and therapy. Some PMPs relate to individual conditions, while others (stem PMPs) relate to a symptom or sign, such as rashes or heart murmurs, in various conditions (branch PMPs). All of them require the students to make decisions to solve the problems. At each decision point, the computer provides choices or an opportunity for the student to enter a statement. The students review their performance, checking their choices against those of the instructors at each point. The simulated patient's vital signs, correlating with the selected actions and the passage of time, are obtainable throughout the PMP. The use of PMPs has begun to decrease the instructor's teaching load and to increase the students' experience of common and uncommon pediatric problems.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

No abstract available.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

No abstract available.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

No abstract available.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID