ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1962

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1962

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1962

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1962

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1962

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1962

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The population of Yugoslavia totals 18,640,000. There are 15,672 doctors and eight medical faculties. In 1960–61 there were 9,036 medical students, not including students of stomatology.In this country there is no preparatory school before enrollment at the faculty of medicine. The previous general education lasts for 12 years (8 at elementary school and 4 at secondary school). Following their studies and the respective examinations. Persons having attended middle medical schools may also enroll at the medical faculty. They also have had 12 years of school before entering the faculty. There are exceptional cases, not more than 1 or 2 per cent, where even this is not compulsory.Since 1958 the medical curriculum at the university has been reduced from 6 to 5 years' i.e.,10 semesters. During the first 5 semesters non-clinical subjects are taught: anatomy, histology, physiology, chemistry, biochemistry, physics, biology, pathological anatomy, pathophysiology, microbiology, and clinical propedeutics. During the second 5 semesters all clinical subjects are taught, including subjects on preventive and social medicine and public health.In the course of the last few years about 1170 students of medicine have graduated every year, after having passed their examinations.Great attention is devoted to practical tuition and to integration of medicine—i.e., of curative and preventive medicine. In the course of the summer holidays there is practical work at medical and surgical departments and clinics, as well as field work in the villages and among other sections of the population.After graduation a 12-month internship is compulsory. It covers 10.5 months at the clinics and 1.5 months at institutions of a preventive character.There are no tuition fees or other taxes. The costs of the field work are covered by the medical faculty.A large number of students, about 30–46 per cent, are awarded scholarships, whereas almost all others have various kinds of assistance, since there are hostels and university settlements where board and lodging are much cheaper than elsewhere. Students further enjoy certain reductions in the fares for public traffic.Enormous progress has been made from 1938 till 1960, both in medical tuition and in medical institutions. The number of students has increased from 2,096 to 8,797; of doctors from 4,754 to 14,500; of children's dispensaries from 40 to 283; hospital beds from 31,665 to 87,256, etc.In 1960, apart from training for specialists, special training was introduced for general practitioners, of a duration of 3 years. They, too, after having taken a special examination, will enjoy the status of specialist. The general practitioners must extend twofold aid to the population: usually they have to treat their patients without the aid of a specialist except in special cases, and at the same time they must be able to carry out the necessary preventive measures independently.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1962

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1962

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

There is a surplus of physicians in Spain, and the number graduating each year is likewise excessive. In consequence many of the doctors are completely or partially unemployed. Despite this fact the flow of students to the medical schools is still great.Up to the present year there were in Spain only ten medical schools sponsored by, and dependent on, the State. Only one of the very recently authorized “church universities” is actually in partial operation.There is no limit to the number of students admitted at the medical schools. The first year of the medical studies is called “selective,” but actually a true selection of students is not made; as a consequence, a great percentage drop their studies in the following years.Students reach the medical school insufficiently prepared,’ especially in organic chemistry. The curriculum of the 6 years of the medical course needs to be modified mainly in the 3 first years; there is presently too much emphasis on morphology.In general there is excessive theoretical and poor practical teaching given, owing to the lack of facilities and to the small and very poorly paid teaching staff.The situation worries the professors of the medical schools, who have been asking more and more frequently in the last few years for a radical reform of the medical training in Spain in order to adapt it to the present needs of the country.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1962

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1962

数据来源: OVID