摘要:

In a study reported in this article, the authors investigated the presence of stress in two successive classes of first-year medical students at a private midwestern medical school. Support groups, didactic sessions, and no-contact control conditions were used. Few differences in personality measures were found among the groups, and all group means were within the normal range. Support groups did not facilitate academic performance. The results bring into question the previously reported extent of chronic stress among students in the first year of medical school as well as the need for support groups in this population.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A committee on well-being of medical students and house staff was established in a university medical center to address some of the socioemotional aspects of medical education and training. The overall goal was to influence the learning climate in ways that would enhance positively the educational experience. Several problem areas were identified. They included poor communication, stressful effects of medical education both on self and on relationships, a need for advocacy, and a lack of support for house staff members. A series of programs were designed and implemented in response to these issues. With institutional support, a committee on well-being may serve as an effective approach in alleviating some of the stresses of the medical training process.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The literature on resident performance and sleep deprivation is reviewed. It is suggested that despite the urgent need for definitive work in the area, current research is sparse and inconclusive. It also is suggested that the research that does exist implies there are potentially severe negative effects from sleep deprivation on physicians-in-training. The present authors believe that justifications for sleep-depriving night call schedules remain untested and that the presence of sleep-depriving night call as part of residency training should be reevaluated.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

As medical residents leave their residencies, a majority also move away from the locales in which they received their training. Data presented in this paper on physicians entering their first professional positions between 1974 and 1978 show that over 65 percent left the counties of their residencies. Following the national migration pattern of the civilian population, the medical residents left the northern “Frost Belt” and entered the southern “Sun Belt” of the United States. Physician “movers” typically were in nonprimary care medical specialties and moved into self-employment or office-based medical practices. These migrating physicians, compared with physician “stayers,” were disproportionately male, more often resided in states other than those of their medical education, and moved into smaller urban or nonurban centers of the United States. Other characteristics that distinguish movers from stayers also are presented here.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In this paper the authors report on the medicine phase of three parallel studies undertaken to investigate clinical teaching skills in medicine, dentistry, and nursing. The intent of the overall study was to gather and assess broad-based information useful in the design and implementation of clinical teaching improvement programs in the health sciences. A 14-member consortium representing five schools each in medicine and dentistry and four in nursing collaborated by using a modified Delphi technique to resolve conflict and differences, through group judgments, in preferences to choices among educational goals and activities. Based upon an educational needs assessment, the design of the study and of the research methodology allows replication at individual institutions and provides a systematic approach for designing and implementing faculty development programs with specific skill emphasis at the clinical level.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Guided service experience commonly enriches medical education at the doctoral and postdoctoral levels but rarely has been offered to premedical students. Internships in health agencies were individually arranged for 198 self-selected college undergraduates in 101 different settings which emphasized the social, economic, and interpersonal factors in health care. Students served as nursing aides, clinical assistants, and health educators and in other nontechnical roles; each wrote an analytical report based upon a study plan and firsthand observations. The expectations of both students and host institutions were usually exceeded. Benefits included help in career decisions, exercise in self-directed learning, and demonstration of noncognitive qualities desired in professional work. The authors conclude that undergraduate students are competent to deal with sensitive ethical and social issues in patient care and to provide needed health services of high quality.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Skills, attitudes, confidence, and behavior needed for literature reading were studied in first- versus fourth-year medical students at George Washington University in Washington, D.C. Questions on diagnostic test skills were used for comparison. Anonymous questionnaires were completed by 114 first-year and 84 fourth-year students. Fourth-year students read considerably more literature than first-year students, valued reviews over original research, and placed more value on the journal's reputation. They had greater confidence and objective knowledge than first-year students on diagnostic test skills but not greater confidence or objective knowledge on literature reading skills. Most dramatic was their “lower” willingness to admit uncertainty, even when taking into account their level of knowledge. Less willingness to admit uncertainty on the part of fourth-year medical students than first-year students may reflect medical education's emphasis on specific answers and its failure to teach students how to analyze data and draw conclusions. A need exists for specific training in literature reading skills with preevaluations and postevaluations of skills, attitudes, and behavior.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A nationwide survey of physician's assistant (PA) training programs was carried out to determine the performance expected of students upon graduation. A list of tasks reflecting primary medical care problems was sent to PA program directors asking whether they expected their graduates to be able to perform the task, only to know about the task, or neither to be able to perform nor to have knowledge of the task. The results indicated that all students were expected to perform a history and physical examination. Almost all of the program directors expected students to establish a working diagnosis for the most common problems and to formulate a management plan for many of them. Extensive skills in patient education and counseling were expected. There was considerable congruence among the directors in performance expectations of students. The expected performance of the PA student by graduation emerged as comprehensive and not merely technical.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

No abstract available.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

No abstract available.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID