摘要:

A sample of 441 graduates (between 1971 and 1981) of Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, who pursued their medical training in internal medicine, pediatrics, and obstetrics/gynecology was selected. It was hypothesized that the relationship between measures of academic achievement in medical school and measures of postgraduate performance would vary in different specialty programs. The hypothesis was confirmed by comparing graduates in the three specialties on grades in medical school, scores on the examinations of the National Board of Medical Examiners, and ratings in four areas of competence in the first postgraduate year (that is, medical knowledge, data-gathering skills, clinical judgement, and professional attitudes). It was also hypothesized that the strength of the relationship would vary at different levels of performance within the specialty programs. This was confirmed for some of the variables. The results indicate that inappropriate conclusions may be drawn about the relationship between performance before and after graduation from medical school if specialty differences and levels of performance are ignored.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

After 14 years of study, the University of Michigan decided to terminate development of a health maintenance organization (HMO). The process was long and difficult because of the university's need to consider the HMO from the university's perspective of both an employer and a provider. As an employer, the university's early view was favorable and then declined when employee interest was found to be weak and the HMO's impact on the rapidly rising cost of the university's health insurance benefit was determined to be modest. As a provider, the university's view was mixed. In regard to its hospitals, the university's judgment was positive largely because it hoped that HMO incentives might help the hospitals remain viable in the health care delivery environment that was becoming increasingly competitive. From the Medical School's point of view, an HMO was felt not to be desirable because it could put in jeopardy the professional fee revenue used by the school to help underwrite its academic programs, which are the primary source of faculty pride and recognition.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

During the 1960s, early educational specialization and increasingly elective curricula were promoted as instructional advances. More recently, early educational specialization has been suggested as a solution to high educational costs and knowledge overload. In 1973 the McGill University Faculty of Medicine introduced a program of early specialization (“streaming”) in the senior clerkship. The streams were: medicine, surgery, psychiatry, and family medicine. The streams emphasized their own clinical areas but not to the exclusion of other subjects. After three years, streaming was disbanded as students chose the medicine stream with increasing frequency. Streaming may have contributed to poorer class performance on licensing examinations. Responses of the students to questionnaires revealed that streaming did not lead to an early career choice and that the students did not use electives to fill in perceived gaps. The students often chose streams independent of career plans. Thus, it was concluded that early specialization did not hold promise as a solution to the issues of educational costs or knowledge overload.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The attitudes of private patients toward resident participation in their ambulatory care were evaluated. Of 195 patients (29 percent) responding to 667 mailed prospective questionnaires, 143 (73 percent) stated that they would allow resident participation in their care. Satisfactory prior experiences with trainees was the most important factor predicting acceptance (p less than .0001) of resident participation. A majority of “accepting” respondents would allow the following limited delegation of responsibility to residents: history-taking, physical examination, and visit scheduling. The majority (71 percent) desired faculty consultation at every visit. A small, retrospective survey of resident-treated private patients revealed that 70 percent were fully satisfied, 20 percent partially satisfied, and 10 percent dissatisfied. Dissatisfaction by the patients was associated with not knowing beforehand that a trainee would participate in the health care delivery. The private patients usually accepted trainees for outpatient care if: (a) they had been informed in advance, (b) they had not had a prior unsatisfactory resident experience, and (c) the responsibility of the residents had been carefully delegated and the residents closely supervised.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A total of 230 major articles in volumes 55 through 57 of the Journal of Medical Education were reviewed for a comprehensive power-analytic investigation of research in medical education. Three statistical power determinations were made for each of 2,220 reported tests of significance, and the average power for detecting a range of possible treatment effects was calculated for each of the 100 studies subsequently included in the analysis. Among other findings, fully 91 percent of the 100 articles analyzed had less than a 50–50 chance of detecting a “small” treatment effect. Average power figures from similar surveys in other disciplines demonstrate that the problem of low statistical power is not unique to research in medical education. Additionally, the practical consequences of low statistical power are outlined, and workable guidelines for reporting the information necessary for the independent evaluation of published studies are provided.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Although physicians play a major role in dealing with potentially suicidal individuals, little research has been conducted to assess physicians' knowledge of who may or may not present a suicidal risk. The authors in this article present data on the ability of 202 physicians to recognize well established signs of suicide potential. Physicians in 14 areas of medical specialization completed a 13-item, multiple-choice examination of components taken from a suicide potential rating scale. The results revealed that certain groups of physicians predictably scored highest (for example, psychiatrists) but that most physicians were equally knowledgeable about the signs studied.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

An empirical study of the effects of a psychiatry elective on first-year medical students' reported satisfaction with school and their reported level of loneliness is described in this article. Surveys before and after the class provided evidence that satisfaction with school decreased significantly among freshmen not taking the course. In contrast, male course participants' levels of satisfaction with school and with faculty-student relationships did not drop significantly, nor did female participants' levels of satisfaction with faculty-student relationships. Nonparticipants reported a significant increase in loneliness during the study period. In contrast, no such increase was reported by either men or women course participants.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Thirty physicians in a university family medicine teaching practice were asked to estimate their rate of prescribing diazepam to six age/sex groupings of patients within their practice. Their actual prescribing rates as recorded by a computerized data collection system were not accurately perceived. After the physicians were informed of the gap between perceived and actual prescribing, significant changes in prescribing behavior occurred. Awareness of a perception-reality gap in primary care practice prescribing offers a method of continuing medical education that may significantly alter prescribing behavior in ways beneficial to patient care.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

No abstract available.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

No abstract available.

ISSN:0022-2577    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID