ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330600502

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHeat transformers – principles and applications.Heat transformers can transform low temperature waste heat into useful heat of higher temperature. They work by a sorption process and require little mechanical energy. This paper reviews the fundamentals, development trends, possible applications, and reports the efficiencies that can be expected when using different working substances. The economy of the process depends strongly on the credit for the useful heat. Some heat transformers are already in operation and deliver useful heat in the range of 1 to 10 M

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330600503

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRecycling of metals from low concentrated solutions.A review is given of processes used for the separation of metals from aqueous solutions, especially low concentration waste waters. Purification processes for waste water used only to reach values set by law are compared with processes that allow recovery of metals. Precipitation with and without additives, adsorption, processes with ion exchange resins, solvent extraction and membrane processes, especially liquid membrane permeation, are described. As a result of these considerations, a qualitative comparison of all the described processes becomes possible. For the separation of zinc from a waste water stream, a special economic comparison is also shown between precipitation processes and the liquid membrane permeation process. Finally, the latest developments in the fields of solvent extraction and liquid membrane permeation are discussed.

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330600504

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMonitoring of liquid effluents as preventative protection of natural bodies of water.One possibility to improve the safety of river water cooling systems is to control the river water side of the cooling system continuously by process analyzers. In this way, leakages in cooling systems can be recognized earlier and the amount of products which contaminate the river water can be minimized. The aim of this article is to inform the user of water cooling systems about the process analyzers which are available. A second aim is to help him to decide which of these analyzers is the best for his measuring problem.

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330600505

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIrradiation of food.Processing of food with ionizing radiation is a method suitable to enhance shelf‐life and hygienic quality. Up to a dose of 10 kGy the method is considered wholesome. In many countries the practical use of food irradiation is increasing, however, in the Federal Republic of Germany the process is strictly forbidden. Applications and methods for radiation processing of food are compiled, limits and prospects are explained, and advantages and disadvantages are compared with traditional methods. Identification of irradiated foods and dosimetry and process control for radiation processing of food are areas where further research is needed. Continuous processing of particulate foods in bulk is an application where electron accelerators might be profitable. Beam parameters and velocity distribution of food particles in the treatment area can be matched for an effective result. Thus, dose distribution can be adjusted for homogeneous treatment and at the same time radiation energy is absorbed almost completely. An example of an experimental plant for radiation processing of grain und spices is shown. Decontamination of spices by radiation processing is an alternative to chemical fumigation, which now is widely forbidde

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330600506

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractVacuum pumps in chemical engineering.Applications of vacuum pumps in chemical engineering are numerous. After a general systematization of the working principles of vacuum pumps, the most important types – liquid ring vacuum pumps, sliding vane vacuum pumps, and ejectors – are discussed with regard to their development and their working principle. Attention is focussed on aspects which allow a comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of vacuum pumps. A systematic survey of the criteria leading to the selection of a certain type of pump show that these criteria may be based on the process as a whole or on environmental and safety considerations as well as economic aspects. In areas where liquid ring vacuum pumps, sliding vane vacuum pumps, and ejectors may be applied the extent to which the pumps fulfill these criteria is shown. In this context, a comparison of the liquid ring pump and the sliding vane pump is of special interest. The doubts recently publicized concerning the environmental compatibility of liquid ring vacuum pumps are shown to be groundless if the pumps are installed correctly. Great care must be taken comparing the economic aspects of liquid ring pumps and sliding vane pu

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330600507

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330600509

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330600510

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330600511

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330600512

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY