摘要:

AbstractStrategies of kinetic experiments with decaying catalysts. Rate expressions for solid‐catalyzed gas‐phase reactions may be misleading, useless, or at least incomplete, unless they cover the changing catalyst activity and selectivity. To prepare the ground for complete kinetic modelling of such systems, concentration‐controlled rate measurements in gradient‐free reactors appear the most appropriate method. They allow uncoupling of concentration and activity effects upon the rates. Based on this possibility, strategies have been developed for testing the rate laws, prior to modelling them, for separability into reaction and deactivation terms. Not only in connection with such strategies, but also apart from any catalyst decay, concentration control allows decomposing reaction networks into smaller and more amenable subsets by adjustment of partial equilibrium, as well as carrying out rate measurements at selected concentrations, i. e. according to experimental

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330521002

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSafety aspects of charging bulk material into vessels or containers. The safe charging of bulk material requires a careful analysis of the potential sources of danger which can result from the physical properties of the materials and the design and construction material of plant and equipment. The method adopted in this analysis is illustrated and explained for selected examples. Criteria for safe charging methods are compiled and explained. A selection of proven charging equipment is listed and technically evaluated with respect to safety and operating criteria. Steps that must be taken to avoid charging errors are discussed. Special problems encountered on connecting pressureless charging devices to pressure vessels are outlined explained. The utilization of inert gas as a preferred method of explosion protection is discussed. Various methods are compared, and their application to special problems in charging bulk material is illustrated.

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330521003

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330521004

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInfluence of support material on the catalyst systems Pt/SiO2and WO3‐and MoO3/SiO2. This article systematically reviews SiO2carriers from the viewpoint of texture, structure, and surface chemistry, paying special attention to the properties of acid‐modified silica gels and porous glasses. The effects of carrier properties on activity and selectivity of corresponding metal/carrier and metal oxide/carrier catalysts with platinum and MoO3and WO3, respectively, as active components in the conversion of hydrocarbons are discus

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330521005

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330521006

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330521007

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330521008

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330521009

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330521010

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330521011

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY