摘要:

AbstractCorrosion and corrosion protection in systems utilizing new energy sources and fuels. New energy carriers such as methanol, ethanol, hydrogen, and biogas are of increasing interest for the substitution of the fossil fuels oil, natural gas, and coal. The analysis of production, handling, and use of such energy carriers with regard to materials and corrosion protection technology gives various results. Some of the problems can be solved by conventional technologies (production of ethanol and biogas). For others, further development work is needed (production of methanol; methanol and ethanol as substitute motor fuels). The problems encountered within the framework of a hydrogen energy technology are known and can be solved for the handling of hydrogen but they are still unsolved for special production processes (hybrid processes with sulfuric acid).

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330580502

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractForecasts in the chemical industry. Forecasts of the energy demand in the Federal Republic of Germany for 1985 predicted figures which were, in some cases, more than 100% higher than the actual consumption figures, due among other things to an unforeseen decrease in specific energy consumption, e. g. in the chemical industry to about half of that in 1960. Since 1973 the overall energy consumption in the chemical industry has remained almost unchanged at some 15 million t/year coal equivalents in spite of increased production. In future forecasts, these possible divergences between economic growth and energy consumption will have to be given far greater attention. In 1977/1978 forecast, figures were calculated for the material flow from the raw material to the end products in selected fields in the chemical industry by means of a simulation model. Some of these forecasts show satisfactory agreement, while some of them deviate to a greater extent from the actual production figures, partly due to unexpected drastic changes in import quotas for some basic chemicals and intermediates.

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330580503

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFuture scope of electrochemical coal utilization. Based on fundamental thermodynamic considerations and with due regard to known electrochemical reactions of coal‐like substances, the potential of electrochemical coal conversion processes is discussed for the following three main groups of primary products: syngas, aliphatic compounds, and aromatic compounds. Thermal efficiencies and yields are compared with those of competing processes. The indirect electrochemical degradation of coal to soluble aromatic compounds with peroxodisulfate as redox mediator is a promising route of potential interes

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330580504

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCurrent problems and developments in biotechnology. Current developments in the field of biotechnology together with the actual problems are described with the aid of some examples. The new field of biotechnology has arisen especially from three methods, viz. gene technology, immobilized biocatalysts, and new developments in process technology. The influence of these methods on the development production techniques for ethanol, glycerol, HFCS, various secondary compounds, proteins, hormones, monoclonal antibodies, products from plant cells, but also on environmental biotechnology is described. These examples show that „classic”︁ biotechnology has greatly expanded by application of the methods presented. However, a comparison with the development of microprocessors is not yet pos

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330580505

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractComputer‐aided experiments in chemical reaction engineering. In recent years, relatively inexpensive microcomputers have become available which are very suitable for data acquisition, data storage, data handling, and for control and experimental design of laboratory reactors in reaction engineering. Various experimental set‐ups (integral, gradientless, and pulse reactors) as built in the Institute for Technical Chemistry I of Erlangen‐Nürnberg University are presented, their advantages and remaining problems discussed, and some results on kinetic analysis and reaction modelling re

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330580506

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330580507

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330580508

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330580509

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330580510

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330580511

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY