摘要:

AbstractCollaboration between industry, research, technical surveillance, teaching, and jurisprudence to increase the level of technical safety. An attempt is made to localize the difficulties occurring in the dialogue between the technologist and other groups in society representing far greater numbers, to show how collaboration proceeds between the many disciplines of technology, and what problems have to be solved together with lawyers, in order to permit technology continue to serve the wellbeing of society. It is hoped that this account will also stimulate fruitful discussions.

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330540802

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330540803

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe significance of the breakdown ordinance. The justification, requirements, and possible consequences of the breakdown ordinance are discussed against a background of current practice in the chemical industry. Comparisons are made with other countries and nuclear engineering. These considerations lead to the conclusion that the ordinance has not generated new standards in technology but, as a result of the enormous information and documentation demands, material, political, and economic disadvantages are to be feared for the chemical industry in West Germany.

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330540804

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSafety considerations of plant constructors and operators. Regular reviews of safety at predetermined intervals and with due regard to actual issues are proven means of ensuring the necessary high level of safety of chemical plants. Practical procedure and correlation with the design schedule of plants at a large chemical company are described.

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330540805

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDesign and construction of safety devices utilizing methods of measurement and control engineering. This article considers a proposed concept for the design and construction of measurement and control devices for the safety of plant with the aim of preventing danger to persons and the environment and damage. Such measurement and control devices are generally employed when primary measures adopted for plant safety, such as safety valves, collection vessels, etc. are not applicable or insufficient by themselves. The concept regards the new sheet no. 3 of the VDI/VDE code draft 2180 „Safety of chemical engineering plant”︁ and proposes a further subdivision of class A into safety classes A0, A1, and A2. Overall, it is possible, on the basis of the measures for raising the availability of measurement and control equipment which are presented in this article, to make selection appropriate to the potential danger involved. The proposed procedure should not, however, be regarded as a rigid scheme but rather as leading to a systematic view and supporting decisions resting on sound operating exper

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330540806

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPropagation of explosive gas clouds in the vicinity of chemical plant. The propagation of large amounts of gases in the vicinity of industrial plant can lead to safety risks and must therefore be estimable in their effect. Methods of both theoretical and experimental simulation are available. Among the computational models, the conventional propagation models used in meteorology are suitable for free propagation. In cases of propagation close to buildings, the relatively straightforwardly applied binomial model is a better choice. Owing to the occurrence of turbulence, the calculations should be supported by wind tunnel studies. An unfavourable system leading to accumulation of large amounts of gas is seen to be a U‐shaped arrangement of buildings with incident flow on the convex sid

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330540807

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractModel calculations on the explosion of free gas clouds containing mixtures of hydrocarbons and air. The procedure presented permits a description of continuously and discontinuously accelerated explosions. The explosions considered are deflagrations, i. e. combustion‐supported compression waves. It is possible to calculate, for a given rate of propagation of a flame front or the motion of a piston assigned in a model, the corresponding flow field (compression wave). The corresponding pressure, density, and velocity distributions can be utilized for safety considerations. Application of the results requires that the simulated acceleration processes can be transformed into real events. With the experimental results presently available this is possible only in very crude fashion and can serve only as a rough preliminary guid

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330540808

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCooperation between technology and legislation with regard to technical safety. Exploitation of technology involves risks. The state permits this exploitation and must therefore guarantee the necessary safety. In this context, legislation employs undefined legal concepts: „generally recognized rules of technology”︁, „state of technology”︁, „state of science and technology”︁. These standards located at the interface of law and technology raise the question of competence assignment between scientific and technical experts and the authorities and courts. The solution: decision by scientific‐technical experts on the basis of their expertise, coupled with review by the courts in order to establish whether the legal goal of „safety”︁ has been attained. The intermeshing between legal and technical standards is expressed i

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330540809

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPlant engineering developments for improvement of safety. Research undertaken in various companies for reliable dimensioning of production equipment to withstand dangerous pressure increases, e. g. as a result of a runaway reaction or a dust explosion, is presented. Measures for the safe removal of the reaction materials are discussed.

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330540810

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330540811

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY