摘要:

AbstractInformation policy in planning of plant. An account of the principal concepts of plant planning is followed by a description of the relationship between operator, planner, and periphery with their respective tasks and requirements. Execution of the tasks requires not only purposeful coordination of various engineering disciplines by the planner for mastery of technical questions, but also mastery of a complex organization to satisfy various information requirements of all institutions participating in plant planning. The planning results are divided as the output of individual planning functions into information categories with their data elements. Methods are presented for managing the rapidly swelling flood of information involved in planning with increasing demands on productivity, quality, and comprehensibility.

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330580402

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDynamic simulation of complex chemical processes. The detailed dynamic simulation of coupled process units in chemical plant is gaining increasing importance as an important tool in plant engineering and operation. This paper deals with basic problems in the development of a universally applicable dynamic simulator. General requirements are formulated. The program package DIVAcurrently under development is outlined. Simulation of the start‐up phase of a simple production plant as an example demonstrates the mode of functioning and the potential of the simulator. Future work will concentrate on enlarging the model libraries and on increasing the efficiency and ease of use to meet the demands of industrial application

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330580403

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUse of flocculants in the mechanical separation of liquids. The mechanical separation of liquids from turbid water or sewage sludges depends primarily on the size and density of the suspended particles. The process of separation by sedimentation, filtration, or centrifugation becomes increasingly difficult with decreasing size of the suspended particles and decreasing density difference between solid and liquid. The addition of flocculants in ppm amounts destabilizes the dispersion and flocculation sets in. Thus flocculants agglomerate suspended particles, improve the separation, and accelerate the overal separation process. The synthetic organic high polymers used in the treatment of municipal and industrial waste water are characterized by their chemical composition, their molar mass, and their charge density.

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330580404

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractReaction engineering in industrial high‐pressure processes. The essential task of industrial chemistry is to transform cheap raw materials into high‐quality materials and substances economically. From the very beginning, the chemical industry has used the energy sources coal, oil, and gas as the starting point for synthesis. These substances are introduced into the product line through high‐pressure reactions. Joint developments in catalytic chemistry reaction kinetics, and plant design have permitted construction and operation of high‐capacity, high‐pressure plants at remote sites, where coal, oil, and gas are won. Industrial high‐pressure chemistry is thus capable of transforming in situ raw materials that could be used otherwise into high‐value products worth transporting to energy‐poor regions and whose distribution is secured. The second part of this paper considers the technical limits of pumps, compressors, and high‐pressure reactors. Approximate estimates of investment costs as a function of the pressure as process parameter are given for a high‐pressure process step. Aspects to be taken into consideration during design, construction, and installation of factory‐built high‐pressure reactors are considered in condense

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330580405

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExpert systems for process syntheses. Commercial programs used in computer‐aided development of chemical processes need a process flowsheet as starting point. Preparation of flowsheets is based largely on human experience, an uncertain kind of knowledge expressed by heuristic rules. These rules are recognized as true and advantageous in most cases without having the validity of a law. Logic programming languages derived from research on artificial intelligence are proven tools for handling heuristics with so‐called “expert systems”. The flowsheets proposed by the expert system reduce all theoretically possible results to a few structures. The example of structuring distillation sequences illustrates what can be expected using an “expert system” in the area of “problem solving” by comparing its proposed sequences with opt

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330580406

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractReactive extraction. A brief survey of reactive extraction and its classification is followed by an account of the reactive extraction of organic solutes. As an example, the reactive extraction of salicylic acid with a secondary amine and NaOH is discussed. Equilibrium constants, overall mass transfer coefficients evaluated in stirred cells and on fixed, freely suspended and pulsated droplets, as well as mass transfer coefficients for the particular phases are investigated. The influence of droplet volume, solute concentration, pH value, and the fluid‐dynamic state of the droplet on the overall and fractional mass transfer coefficients are discussed and compared with various mass transfer model

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330580407

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330580408

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330580409

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330580410

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330580411

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY