ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330621102

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractProcess control and engineering of essentially pollutant‐free combustion of wastes.The avoidance, reduction, and utilization of wastes are recognized as exploitable strategies. In spite of these measures, in the future wastes remain which still require treatment. Combustion is possible way substantially converting complex chemical compounds in an environmentally compatible manner. The present paper deals in a general manner with the possibilities of influencing combustion control (primary measures) for wastes in order to obtain minimum levels of pollutants. A difference is made between gaseous, liquid, or powdered wastes and those comprising mixtures of coarse, pasty, and liquid components. The paper deals with mixing mechanisms, temperature control, burn out, pollutant limitation, and the resulting fundamental possibilities of process control and engineerin

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330621103

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330621104

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractProduction and applications of cyclododecatriene and cyclooctadiene.Today the cyclic trimerization of 1,3‐butadiene to cyclododecatriene and the synthesis of cyclododecatriene derivatives are accomplished on an industrial scale using fully developed processes. This paper surveys the variety of the derivatives and their applications. The cyclic dimerization of 1,3‐butadiene to cyclooctadiene and the synthesis of cyclooctadiene derivatives have also been performed on a technical scale for some years now. The paper gives examples of these derivatives, including polyoctenamer a rubber whose properties are considered to be due to the presence of cyclic macromolecu

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330621105

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInstantisation of powdered foods.Instantisation of powdered substances is a form of special technical treatment designed to make the particles dissolve or disperse faster in liquid than the untreated product. This article presents the principal processes for instantising foods, compares their advantages and disadvantages, and discusses them with the aid of examples. In this instantisation of foods it is important to note that additives for improving wettability are used only in limited quantities or not at all, and that aroma components are frequently present which should be preserved unchanged in the product as far as possible. Developments accounting for these demands are shown. Instantising is intended to improve properties which are grouped together as instant properties. Methods used for measuring instant properties are shown and fast method is presented. Depending upon the question raised, it may be necessary to employ different measuring methods. An overall property is appropriate for assessing an instant product; such a criterion can be made up of individual properties such as wettability, dispersibility, and solubility. If an instantisation process is to be assessed or improved, then the individual properties are of interest. Results obtained so far and a simple theory provide information about the most favourable agglomeration size and porosity. The paper concludes with a discussion of the special difficulties encountered in the instantisation of strongly swelling foods and in the determination of their instant properties.

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330621106

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330621107

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWet grinding in agitated ball mills.To ensure certain product qualities it is necessary to have very fine particles or a narrow particle size distribution. For this process agitated ball mill grinding can be used as well as crystallisation and precipitation. Cost effective grinding of very fine products to a narrow particle size distribution requires that the effects of variation of strain intensity, frequency of impacts, residence time distribution, size of grinding media, viscosity of liquid and concentration of feed material should be known. The most important parameters and their effects on the grinding result are demonstrated, as well as explained by a model, and the consequences for the operating conditions of agitated ball mills are presented. By using small grinding media in agitated ball mills the production rate can be increased, or at the same energy level smaller particles can be obtained by grinding or deagglomeration. At high flow rates and a narrow residence time distribution the feed material becomes more homogeneous. These facts require the development of new or modified types of agitated ball mills.

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330621108

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSafety analysis approach to existing and new plant.Technical advances and steadily increasing knowledge, as well as the extension of breakdown ordinances, call for more rational systematic approaches in order to master the current volume of necessary documentation. During development to operational maturity, including modification of plant and processes, various internal and external interdisciplinary teams are involved in setting up and evaluating the safety measures. A comprehensive procedure was therefore developed for new and existing plant which should optimally satisfy demands for clarity, systematic structure, openness for individual process steps, and facilities for updating data.

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330621109

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330621110

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330621111

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY