ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330610202

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGas‐liquid reactors. The gas hold‐up in bubble columns increases in proportion to the gas flux density in the homogeneous flow regime and rises less than proportionally in the heterogeneous flow regime. Both the gas and the liquid axial dispersion coefficient increase with gas flow. Gas phase dispersion becomes more intensive with increasing liquid viscosity, while liquid dispersion drops slightly. Experimental results for mass transfer in low viscosity liquids show that the two‐range turbulence model best fits experimental data. When aerating highly viscous Newtonian and non‐Newtonian liquids, mass transfer in the liquid phase is well described by known relations valid for very low bubble‐Reynolds number and very high Schmi

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330610203

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPossibilities of process integration in distillative separation processes. Distillation is the most important method of separation in the petroleum and chemical industries. About one quarter of the energy consumed in these sectors of industry is for distillation. This underscores the importance of improving distillation processes. Optimisation work on distillation processes has been in progress for a long time. Attention has recently been turned to the treatment of overall separation tasks which can be integrated into chemical engineering processes. To this end, the heuristic rules usually employed in the design of distillative separations have been further developed. Use of expert systems which transform these heuristic rules into separation proposals already appears feasible.

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330610204

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330610205

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInstrumentation of rotary tableting machines. Instrumentation of rotary tableting machines has two main purposes: to control the tableting process during production and to investigate the compression behaviour of substances. While the former is routinely implemented today, the compression process itself is still under investigation. Measurements are carried out to record compression‐, ejection‐, residual‐, die‐wall‐, and adhesion forces. In addition, displacement of punches is registered. Strain gauges are commonly used for force measurements. For more precise investigations, piezoelectric load washers are installed. Displacement measurements, which are seldom performed on rotary tableting machines, are carried out with inductive displacement transducers. This paper describes the present state of the art. The problems of routine compression force control in tablet production have now been solved. In contrast, a general description of the powdercompression process is not possible in detail. New methods for data collection from rotary tableting machines are described, enabling the pharmacist to reach a better understanding of the compressio

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330610206

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHydrogen technology. Hydrogen is used today on a large scale as raw material in chemical engineering and in the long term has tremendous potential as one of the most important secondary energy carriers. Hydrogen is produced with fossil and nonfossil primary energy sources from fossil and nonfossil primary raw materials. As an almost pollution‐free secondary energy carrier, which is storable and transportable on a large scale, hydrogen can be used with nearly all energy utilization techniques fueled at present by natural gas, and products of petroleum and coal. Decisive influence on the introduction of hydrogen as energy carrier is exerted by the status and further development potential of hydrogen energy technology, cost of hydrogen production, and safety of a widespread use of hydrogen in the energy econom

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330610207

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAccuracy of dosage. Confusion sometimes surrounds the concept of dosage accuracy. For this reason, standard definitions and testing and calculation procedures are proposed for dosage accuracy, dosage error, and dosage constancy. Representation of the relationship between dosage error and dosage constancy within the area of tolerance of the dosage accuracy is new. Since the measurement of all error quantities is always bound to relate terms such as short‐term, long‐term, and momentary dosage error to a stated time base. This also facilitates a conceptually smooth transition to operating dosage errors observed in long‐term operation. It would be convenient if some standardization of the concepts, and possibly a set of rules, could be developed on this basis. Evaluation of measured results on comparing guarantees would then be conducted in relation to the accuracy of measur

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330610208

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCentrifugal pumps and energy recovery turbines in high pressure industrial process engineering. Centrifugal pumps have to meet many different requirements in high pressure industrial process engineering. International standards call for minimum requirements and propose solutions for various problems. Nevertheless, options remain for the operator with regard to the choice of the casing, material, and sealing variants, and to the choice of hydraulics to meet such requirements as reliability, safety, service‐friendliness, economic efficiency, and investment cost. The following review presents various designs of centrifugal pumps for high pressure industrial process engineering. Furthermore, the installation of high pressure pumps in turbine operation for energy recovery is introduce

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330610209

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330610211

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330610212

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY